Plumbism from airborne lead in a firing range

Anderson, Karl E.; Fischbein, Alf; Kestenbaum, D.; Sassa, Shigeru; Alvares, Alvito P.; Kappas, Attallah

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(77)90246-7

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Since the 1970s, firearms and shooting ranges have been recognized as high risk for elevated lead exposure [ 1 , 2 ]. Mean blood lead levels (BLL) observed in studies of users of shooting ranges have ranged from 10 µg/dL to over 40 µg/dL [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters?

Naicker

Jager

Naidoo

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Lead exposure has been associated with psycho-neurological disorders. Elevated blood lead levels have been found in shooters. This study assesses the association between the blood lead levels of shooters and their levels of aggression. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Gauteng, South Africa. Participants were recruited from four randomly selected shooting ranges with three randomly selected archery ranges used as a comparison group. A total of 118 (87 shooters and 31 archers) participants were included in the analysis. Aggressiveness was measured using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Shooters had significantly higher blood lead levels (BLL) compared to archers with 79.8% of shooters versus 22.6% of archers found to have a BLL ≥ 5 μg/dL (p < 0.001). Aggression scores were significantly higher in shooters (p < 0.05) except for verbal aggression. In the bivariate and regression analyses, shooters with BLLs ≥ 10 μg/dL were significantly associated with the hostility sub-scale (p = 0.03, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.103–7.261). Shooters have a significantly higher BLL and aggressiveness compared to archers. However, elevated blood lead levels were significantly associated with hostility only. Interventions need to be put in place to prevent continued exposure and routine screening of populations at risk should be implemented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters?

Naicker

Jager

Naidoo

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…Lateralising signs are present in about 35% [2], Our patient had no peripheral neuropa thy, which was seen in most of the cases [5]. The final diagnosis was ascertained by docu menting a high blood level of lead and high urinary S-ALA [5], A normal value of urinary Pb does not excluse the diagnosis. The uri nary Pb [2] rose and reached a peak, follow ing a specific treatment, using a chelating fac tor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Lead Encephalopathy Treated by Versenate (CA-EDTA)

et al. 1982

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A patient with generalised epileptic seizures, mental and psychotic signs was diagnosed as suffering from lead encephalopathy. He was a big consumer of home-made arrack, illicit alcohol prepared at home in secrecy, in tools containing copper and lead. Basophilic stippling increased the possibility of lead encephalopathy, which was soon proved. He was successfully treated with low doses of Versenate, a chelating factor, and totally recovered.

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“…It should also be noted that in some research the increase in blood Pb levels is correlated with the frequency of firearms use in shooting galleries. The factors of exposure to Pb resulting from this activity are mainly two: 1) inhalation of smoke caused by bullets or from the cartridges during the explosion of shots; [78,79] 2) inadvertent ingestion of Pb from the hands to the mouth caused by bullets during the loading, unloading and cleaning of weapons. [79] Municipal Police Employees are required to maintain their practice in the use of weapons and are therefore obliged to practice regular exercises with the pistol in shooting galleries, and this is true, however, for all tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between total blood lead values and peripheral blood counts in workers occupationally exposed to urban stressors

Caciari

Casale

Ciarrocca

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between occupational exposure to airborne lead (Pb) and alterations in peripheral blood counts in workers of the Municipal Police assigned to different types of outdoor tasks. Then, 337 both male and female subjects were enrolled and divided on the basis of sex, cigarette smoking habit and kind of task. Exposure to airborne Pb, dosage of total blood Pb and peripheral blood count were carried out. A significant positive correlation was detected between the values of total blood Pb and values of plasma reticulocytes (%RET) both in the total sample and for all the classes of the subdivision except for police drivers. Some statistically significant correlations were present but discontinuous for other variables of peripheral blood counts. Results suggest that occupational exposure to low doses of airborne Pb is able to influence lines of the hematopoietic system in exposed workers, with special reference to %RET.

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Plumbism from airborne lead in a firing range

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters?

Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters?

Lead Encephalopathy Treated by Versenate (CA-EDTA)

Correlation between total blood lead values and peripheral blood counts in workers occupationally exposed to urban stressors

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