PLS Analysis in an Indoor Heterogeneous VLC/RF Network Based on Known and Unknown CSI

Kumar, Ambrish; Garg, Parul; Gupta, Akash

doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.2964033

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The channel gain

h_{z_{k}}

of the transmitting link can be expressed by [23] as

h_{z_{k}} = \{\begin{matrix} left normalΘ U (ψ_{z_{k}}) \cos^{m} ϕ normalg (ϕ_{z_{k}}) \cos ψ_{z_{k}}, & left 0 \leq ψ_{z_{k}} \leq ψ_{FOV}, \\ left 0, & left ψ_{z_{k}} > ψ_{FOV}, \end{matrix}

where

Θ = \frac{A false(m + 1 false) R_{p}}{2 π d_{z_{k}}^{2}}

and

z_{k} \in false{M_{k}, E_{k} false}

. The terms

A

and

R_{p}

are the detector area and responsivity parameters of the photo‐detector and

d_{z_{k}}

is the Euclidean distance.…”

Section: System Model and Secrecy‐rate Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure information broadcasting analysis in an indoor VLC system with imperfect CSI

et al. 2020

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In this paper, the physical layer security of an indoor visible light communication system, that consists of two transmission light‐emitting diodes to broadcast the information towards the legitimate user, is investigated. Further, a secure LED selection scheme is proposed to select an LED that can perform secure information broadcasting, in the presence of an active and/or passive eavesdropper. The probability of secure information broadcasting is obtained in terms of the positive secrecy rate which is defined under the constraints of known or unknown imperfect channel state information of both legitimate and eavesdropping links. The channel state information (CSI) knowledge of each transmitting link is estimated with the use of a minimum mean square error technique. The performance metrics of the system are defined in terms of the average secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability parameters. Further, the performance of the system is compared with the conventional stand‐alone VLC system by varying various physical parameters. Further, analytical results are corroborated with the computer simulation results.

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“…The channel gain

h_{z_{k}}

of the transmitting link can be expressed by [23] as

h_{z_{k}} = \{\begin{matrix} left normalΘ U (ψ_{z_{k}}) \cos^{m} ϕ normalg (ϕ_{z_{k}}) \cos ψ_{z_{k}}, & left 0 \leq ψ_{z_{k}} \leq ψ_{FOV}, \\ left 0, & left ψ_{z_{k}} > ψ_{FOV}, \end{matrix}

where

Θ = \frac{A false(m + 1 false) R_{p}}{2 π d_{z_{k}}^{2}}

and

z_{k} \in false{M_{k}, E_{k} false}

. The terms

A

and

R_{p}

are the detector area and responsivity parameters of the photo‐detector and

d_{z_{k}}

is the Euclidean distance.…”

Section: System Model and Secrecy‐rate Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure information broadcasting analysis in an indoor VLC system with imperfect CSI

et al. 2020

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“…In reference [9], PLS characteristics of the hybrid RF/VLC system were studied, the problem of minimizing the power consumption was also studied, and a zero-forcing beamforming strategy and a minimum power allocation algorithm were proposed. The PLS of indoor heterogeneous VLC/RF networks based on known and unknown channel state information (CSI) was further analyzed in reference [12]. In reference [13], the PLS transmission for VLC with simultaneous lightwave information and power transfer was investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In reference [20], the secrecy outage performance of a mixed RF/FSO system with imperfect CSI was analyzed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, in the aforementioned works, Shannon's capacity is often employed to evaluate the performance of the VLC link [11,12]. However, in the actual VLC environment, the visible-light signal is an optical intensity signal, which means that the signal amplitude of the VLC system is non-negative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secrecy Performance Analysis of Hybrid RF/VLC Dual-Hop Relaying Systems

et al. 2021

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In this article, the secrecy performance of a hybrid radio frequency (RF)/visible light communication (VLC) system is studied. In this hybrid system, the source node (i.e., Alice) transmits information to the relay node via the outdoor RF link. Nakagami-m fading and path loss are considered for the RF link. The relay node includes an outdoor component and an indoor component, which are connected by using a wired medium. The outdoor component receives and recovers information by using the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying scheme and then transmits it to the indoor component. The indoor component then converts the received electrical signal into an optical signal by using a light-emitting diode. A legitimate receiver (i.e., Bob) deployed on the floor receives the optical signal. An eavesdropper (i.e., Eve) deployed in the RF or VLC link wiretaps the confidential information. In this study, we use the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) to evaluate the system performance. We then obtain the closed-form expression for a lower bound on the SOP and an exact closed-form expression for the probability of SPSC when the RF and VLC links are wiretapped, respectively. Numerical results are presented to validate the accuracy of our derivations. We further discuss the effects of the noise standard deviation, the equivalent threshold of the signal-to-noise ratio, and the floor radius on the system secrecy performance when the VLC link is eavesdropped upon. For the case when the RF link is eavesdropped upon, the impacts of the distance between Alice and the relay, the path loss exponent, the fading factor, and the distance between Alice and Eve on secrecy performance are also provided.

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“…In contrast, RF transmission has a probabilistic channel model and the correlation between RF channels is much less than the optical case. A handover mechanism is given in [45] in which OWC is used as the primary technology and RF is used only if the primary technology fails to satisfy a positive secrecy rate limit. For [45], the case in which both technologies are used concurrently is not investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A handover mechanism is given in [45] in which OWC is used as the primary technology and RF is used only if the primary technology fails to satisfy a positive secrecy rate limit. For [45], the case in which both technologies are used concurrently is not investigated. In wireless link pairing (WiLP) [46], the real and imaginary parts of a quadrature amplitude modulator (QAM) are separated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning-based security-aware spatial modulation for heterogeneous radio-optical networks

et al. 2021

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In this article, we propose a physical layer security (PLS) technique, namely security-aware spatial modulation (SA-SM), in a multiple-input multiple-output-based heterogeneous network, wherein both optical wireless communications and radio-frequency (RF) technologies coexist. In SA-SM, the time-domain signal is altered prior to transmission using a key at the physical layer for combating eavesdropping. Unlike conventional PLS techniques, SA-SM does not rely on channel characteristics for securing the information, as its perception is self-imposed, which allows its adoption in radio-optical networks. Additionally, a novel periodical key selection algorithm is proposed. Instead of having multiple keys stored in the nodes, by using off-the-shelf and low-complexity machine learning (ML) methods, including a support vector machine, logistic regression and a single-layer neural network, SA-SM nodes can estimate the used key. Results show that a positive secrecy capacity can be achieved for both the RF and optical links by using 1000 different keys, with a minimal signal-to-noise ratio penalty of less than 5 dB for the legitimate user using SA-SM versus conventional transmission at a bit-error-rate of 10 −4 . The analysis also includes computational time and classification accuracy evaluation of the various proposed ML techniques using different hardware architectures.

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PLS Analysis in an Indoor Heterogeneous VLC/RF Network Based on Known and Unknown CSI

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Secure information broadcasting analysis in an indoor VLC system with imperfect CSI

Secure information broadcasting analysis in an indoor VLC system with imperfect CSI

Secrecy Performance Analysis of Hybrid RF/VLC Dual-Hop Relaying Systems

Machine learning-based security-aware spatial modulation for heterogeneous radio-optical networks

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