Ploidy and Number of Chromosomes in the Alveolate Alga Chromera velia

Vazač, Jan; Füssy, Zoltán; Hladová, Irena; Killi, Sireesha; Oborník, Miroslav

doi:10.1016/j.protis.2017.12.001

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Since modern species of fungi [ 64 , 65 ], amoeba (slime molds) [ 66 ], and alveolates (Chromera velia) [ 67 ] have binary and multinucleated life stages ( Figure 1A , marked with an asterisk), one can assume that apicomplexan schizogony/merogony is an ‘old’ inherited feature, and the basic regulatory machinery should have been passed along with the structures. Unlike binary replication, polyploid division has additional nuclear cycles of repeated chromosome replication/segregation with suppressed cytokinesis ( Figure 2 ) [ 13 , 16 ].…”

Section: Violation Of the ‘Once Only’ Replication In Apicomplexansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apicomplexa Cell Cycles: Something Old, Borrowed, Lost, and New

White

Suvorova

2018

Trends in Parasitology

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Increased parasite burden is linked to the severity of clinical disease caused by Apicomplexa parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium spp, and Cryptosporidium. Pathogenesis of apicomplexan infections is greatly affected by the growth rate of the parasite asexual stages. This review discusses recent advances in deciphering the mitotic structures and cell cycle regulatory factors required by Apicomplexa parasites to replicate. As the molecular details become clearer, it is evident that the highly unconventional cell cycles of these parasites is a blending of many ancient and borrowed elements, which were then adapted to enable apicomplexan proliferation in a wide variety of different animal hosts.

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Section: Violation Of the ‘Once Only’ Replication In Apicomplexansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apicomplexa Cell Cycles: Something Old, Borrowed, Lost, and New

White

Suvorova

2018

Trends in Parasitology

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“…2015) are apparently truncated at their 5′-ends. The sequence data appear gene-rich but are still highly fragmented, with 5,966 and 1,064 genomic scaffolds assembled for C. velia and V. brassicaformis , respectively, although the number of chromosomes in C. velia is estimated to be much smaller (Vazač et al. 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcellular Compartments Interplay for Carbon and Nitrogen Allocation in Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis

Füssy

Faitová

Oborník

2019

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Endosymbioses necessitate functional cooperation of cellular compartments to avoid pathway redundancy and streamline the control of biological processes. To gain insight into the metabolic compartmentation in chromerids, phototrophic relatives to apicomplexan parasites, we prepared a reference set of proteins probably localized to mitochondria, cytosol, and the plastid, taking advantage of available genomic and transcriptomic data. Training of prediction algorithms with the reference set now allows a genome-wide analysis of protein localization in Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis. We confirm that the chromerid plastids house enzymatic pathways needed for their maintenance and photosynthetic activity, but for carbon and nitrogen allocation, metabolite exchange is necessary with the cytosol and mitochondria. This indeed suggests that the regulatory mechanisms operate in the cytosol to control carbon metabolism based on the availability of both light and nutrients. We discuss that this arrangement is largely shared with apicomplexans and dinoflagellates, possibly stemming from a common ancestral metabolic architecture, and supports the mixotrophy of the chromerid algae.

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“…Indeed, unusual polyploidization forms have been proposed within the life cycle of some algal species estimated through flow cytometry and microsatellite markers (Varela-Álvarez et al, 2018). Several attempts have been made to optimize ploidy estimation with dried material using flow cytometry (e.g., for fungi, Todd et al, 2018) or tyramide signal amplification-fluorescence in situ hybridization (TSA-FISH) for LSCN (e.g., alga, Vazac et al, 2018) for different organisms. Our approach provides a more straightforward way to estimate ploidy levels, especially with material obtained from herbarium samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Target Capture-Based Method to Estimate Ploidy From Herbarium Specimens

et al. 2019

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Whole genome duplication (WGD) events are common in many plant lineages, but the ploidy status and possible occurrence of intraspecific ploidy variation are unknown for most species. Standard methods for ploidy determination are chromosome counting and flow cytometry approaches. While flow cytometry approaches typically use fresh tissue, an increasing number of studies have shown that recently dried specimens can be used to yield ploidy data. Recent studies have started to explore whether high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data can be used to assess ploidy levels by analyzing allelic frequencies from single copy nuclear genes. Here, we compare different approaches using a range of yam ( Dioscorea ) tissues of varying ages, drying methods and quality, including herbarium tissue. Our aims were to: (1) explore the limits of flow cytometry in estimating ploidy level from dried samples, including herbarium vouchers collected between 1831 and 2011, and (2) optimize a HTS-based method to estimate ploidy by considering allelic frequencies from nuclear genes obtained using a target-capture method. We show that, although flow cytometry can be used to estimate ploidy levels from herbarium specimens collected up to fifteen years ago, success rate is low (5.9%). We validated our HTS-based estimates of ploidy using 260 genes by benchmarking with dried samples of species of known ploidy ( Dioscorea alata , D. communis , and D. sylvatica ). Subsequently, we successfully applied the method to the 85 herbarium samples analyzed with flow cytometry, and successfully provided results for 91.7% of them, comprising species across the phylogenetic tree of Dioscorea . We also explored the limits of using this HTS-based approach for identifying high ploidy levels in herbarium material and the effects of heterozygosity and sequence coverage. Overall, we demonstrated that ploidy diversity within and between species may be ascertained from historical collections, allowing the determination of polyploidization events from samples collected up to two centuries ago. This approach has the potential to provide insights into the drivers and dynamics of ploidy level changes during plant evolution and crop domestication.

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Ploidy and Number of Chromosomes in the Alveolate Alga Chromera velia

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Apicomplexa Cell Cycles: Something Old, Borrowed, Lost, and New

Apicomplexa Cell Cycles: Something Old, Borrowed, Lost, and New

Subcellular Compartments Interplay for Carbon and Nitrogen Allocation in Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis

A Target Capture-Based Method to Estimate Ploidy From Herbarium Specimens

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