Pliocene suids from Musaitu and Dermenji, Moldova: implications for understanding the origin of African<i>Kolpochoerus</i>Van Hoepen &amp; Van Hoepen, 1932

Pickford, Martin; Obadă, Theodor

doi:10.5252/g2016n1a5

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Group 2 consists of Kolpochoerus species, which likely includes Hylochoerus, and Group 3 consists of Metridiochoerus species, which have been considered to be the ancestors of Phacochoerus (Cooke, 1978;Harris & White, 1979;Kullmer, 1999). Potamochoerus has been put to its own group (Cooke, 1978;Harris & White, 1979), although other studies consider it as a part of the Kolpochoerus group (Bishop, 1999 (Pickford, 2012;Pickford & Obada, 2016).…”

Section: Overview Of the Fossil Suid Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kolpochoerus and Metridiochoerus are part of the Suinae subfamily, like all present‐day suids. The ancestry of Kolpochoerus and Metridiochoerus has been suggested to be in the Eurasian Propotamochoerus (via Dasychoerus and Potamochoeroides , respectively), which dispersed into Africa in the late Miocene or early Pliocene (Pickford, ; Pickford & Obada, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The case of the grass‐eating suids in the Plio‐Pleistocene Turkana Basin: 3D dental topography in relation to diet in extant and fossil pigs

Rannikko

Adhikari

Karme

et al. 2020

Journal of Morphology

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Two separate subfamilies of Plio‐Pleistocene African pigs (suids) consecutively evolved hypsodont and horizodont molars with flat occlusal surfaces, commonly interpreted as an adaptive trait to a grazing diet, similar to that of the present warthogs (Phacochoerus spp.). To investigate this in detail, we studied the 3D‐dental topography of fossil specimens from the Turkana Basin, using geographic information systems‐based methods. To establish baselines for interpretation of the Turkana Basin suids, topography of third molars of extant suids with known diets were analyzed: grazing warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), herbivorous mixed‐feeder forest hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni), omnivorous generalist wild boar (Sus scrofa), omnivorous fruit and tuber eater bush pig (Potamochoerus spp.), and omnivorous fruit eater babirusa (Babyrousa spp.) In addition, we analyzed supposedly browsing Miocene suids, Listriodon spp. The same topographic measures were applied to Plio‐Pleistocene specimens from the Turkana Basin, Kenya: Notochoerus euilus, Notochoerus scotti, Kolpochoerus heseloni, and Metridiochoerus andrewsi. With some differences between techniques, 3D‐dental topography analysis of extant suid molars mostly predicts the dietary differences between the species correctly. The grazing P. africanus differs from both the omnivorous suids and the herbivorous mixed‐feeder H. meinertzhageni in all except one metrics. The omnivorous mostly tropical suids, Potamochoerus and Babyrousa, primarily differ from the generalist, S. scrofa, in the orientation patch count analysis, showing higher occlusal complexity in the latter. Although, there might be significant gaps between the morphological changes and the ecological changes, we conclude that based on comparison of dental topography with the present‐day suids, N. scotti and M. andrewsi were most likely highly specialized grazers, while N. euilus and K. heseloni retained more of their ancestral, omnivorous heritage, but consumed grasses more than the extant omnivorous suids. Research highlights Dental topography can predict different diets in present‐day wild pigs. The Plio‐Pleistocene pigs in the Turkana Basin had dental topography mostly similar to extant grazing warthog, although some species also had resemblances to omnivorous forest pigs.

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Section: Overview Of the Fossil Suid Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The case of the grass‐eating suids in the Plio‐Pleistocene Turkana Basin: 3D dental topography in relation to diet in extant and fossil pigs

Rannikko

Adhikari

Karme

et al. 2020

Journal of Morphology

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“…Berdondini [28] proposed the grouping of these samples, together with Sus strozzii and the recent S. verrucosus and S. celebensis, under the subgenus name Dasychoerus Gray, 1873, in accordance to their apparent morphological similarities and their assumed close phylogenetic relationships. This taxonomic view has been accepted by authors of more recent studies (e.g., [31][32][33]) who furthermore raised Dasychoerus to the generic rank, but was subsequently challenged in a new phylogenetic analysis which re-classified the species arvernensis and strozzii under the genus Sus [34]. Since there is no general agreement on the genus-level taxonomy of these species, the customarily used genus name Sus is applied here.…”

Section: Suidmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The genus Struthio is known from several Neogene localities and it is considered to exist at least till the late Pliocene (MN16) in the peri-Pontic region [21]. Sus arvernensis is a Pliocene species, predominantly Ruscinian (MN14-MN15), that is also widespread in the early Villafranchian (MN16) before evolving to the typical Villafranchian species S. strozzii [30,32]. Gazella bouvrainae is currently known only from localities dated to MN17 (MNQ17-MNQ18) [4].…”

Section: Biostratigraphy-palaeoecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Villafranchian Hipparion-Bearing Mammal Fauna from Sésklo (E. Thessaly, Greece): Implications for the Question of Hipparion–Equus Sympatry in Europe

Athanassiou

2018

Quaternary

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Abstract:Recently collected fossil material in the Villafranchian locality of Sésklo, as well as a re-evaluation of a pre-existing, partly-published museum collection, allow the recognition of a lower faunal level in the locality, older than the main Equus-dominated fossil assemblage, dated in the Early Pleistocene (MNQ17). The lower level yielded, instead, an advanced hipparion, referred to the species Plesiohipparion cf. shanxiense, and a small number of associated taxa: an ostrich (Struthio cf. chersonensis), an unidentified proboscidean, the pig Sus arvernensis, two antelopes (Gazella cf. bouvrainae and Gazellospira torticornis), a large bovid (Bovini indet.), and a rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus sp.). The lower-level fauna is dated in the latest Pliocene (MN16) and indicates a rather open and dry palaeoenvironment. The faunal sequence in Sésklo shows that the hipparion did not co-occur with the stenonid horse, at least in this region. Previous reports on sympatry of these taxa may result from faunal mixing, requiring re-examination of the available samples.

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“…The trend towards shortening the post-canine diastema of the mandible that is observed in Potamochoeroides is taken to extreme in Metridiochoerus. It is also interesting to note that the mandibular ramus is greatly thickened in Potamochoeroides, even in the juveniles, and this character links the genus to Dasychoerus, one of the defining characters of which is the pachygnathic lower jaw, a feature that also links Dasychoerus to the genus Kolpochoerus (Pickford & Obada, 2016).…”

Section: A4 A5 A6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suidos fósiles (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) de Aves Cave I y yacimientos cercanos en el systema paleokárstico de Bolt’s Farm, Sudáfrica

Pickford

Gommery

2016

Estud. geol.

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Las excavaciones llevadas a cabo desde 2011 en el sistema paleokárstico de Bolt’s Farm (Sudáfrica), han dado lugar a la recuperación de interesantes restos de suidos, sobre todo en Aves Cave I. Los taxones presentes son Potamochoeroides hypsodon y Notochoerus capensis, los mismos que aparecen en Makapansgat. El nuevo material de Notochoerus, que incluye un tercer molar superior y un cuarto premolar inferior, refuerza la conclusión de que este género es un suinae y no un tetraconodonto como se ha aceptado durante el último medio siglo. Potamochoeroides tiene rmas mandibulares engrosadas lo que indica que descendió del género Dasychoerus que se extendió por África desde Eurasia hace unos 5 millones de años. Otros depósitos kársticos de Bolt’s Farm han proporcionado una fauna de suidos más jóvenes, incluyendo Metridiochoerus andrewsi y Phacochoerus modestus, lo que sugiere que el sistema kárstico de Bolt’s Farm estuvo activo durante un período de tiempo considerable (aproximadamente 4,5 Ma - 1,8 Ma). El hecho de que todos los taxones de suidos de Bolt’s Farm sean hipsodontos indica que el paleoambiente contenía abundante hierba.

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Pliocene suids from Musaitu and Dermenji, Moldova: implications for understanding the origin of AfricanKolpochoerusVan Hoepen & Van Hoepen, 1932

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

The case of the grass‐eating suids in the Plio‐Pleistocene Turkana Basin: 3D dental topography in relation to diet in extant and fossil pigs

The case of the grass‐eating suids in the Plio‐Pleistocene Turkana Basin: 3D dental topography in relation to diet in extant and fossil pigs

A Villafranchian Hipparion-Bearing Mammal Fauna from Sésklo (E. Thessaly, Greece): Implications for the Question of Hipparion–Equus Sympatry in Europe

Suidos fósiles (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) de Aves Cave I y yacimientos cercanos en el systema paleokárstico de Bolt’s Farm, Sudáfrica

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