Pliocene and quaternary volcanic phases in the eifel volcanic fields

Schmincke, H.-U.; Mertes, H.

doi:10.1007/bf00405123

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As described in the subsection on test material, an ultrabasic melt composition (olivine-melilitite) was chosen for the experiments, and the results are thus most directly applicable to processes of ultrabasic volcanism. Similar particle families have been described in studies on deposits of such volcanoes [e.g., Lorenz, 1974Lorenz, , 1975Lorenz, , 1986Schmincke, 1977;Schmincke and Mertes, 1979;Wohletz, 1983;Wohletz and Sheridan, 1983;Fisher and Schmincke, 1984;Dellino et al, 1990;White, 1991;Lorenz et al, 1994;Dellino and La Volpe, 1995]. Further experimental work with other melt compositions and in various states of vesiculation will enhance the application to natural systems.…”

Section: Volcanological Relevancesupporting

confidence: 53%

Fragmentation of basaltic melt in the course of explosive volcanism

Zimanowski¹,

Büttner²,

Lorenz³

et al. 1997

J. Geophys. Res.

196

131

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Abstract. With the aim to enhance interpretation of fragmentation mechanisms during explosive volcanism from size and shape characteristics of pyrodasts experimental studies have been conducted using remelted volcanic rock (olivine-melilitite). The melt was fragmented and ejected from a crucible by the controlled release of pressurized air volumes (method 1) or by controlled generation of phreatomagmatic explosions (Molten Fuel Coolant Interaction (MFCI); method 2). Both methods were adjusted so that the ejection history of the melt was identical in both cases. The experiments demonstrate that exclusively during MFCI, angular particles in the grain size interval 32 to 130 ptm are generated that show surface textures dominated by cracks and pitting. The physical process of their generation is described as a brittle process acting at cooling rates of > 106 K/s, at stress rates well above 3 GPa/m 2, and during ~700 pts. In this time period the emission of intense shock waves in the megahertz range was detected, releasing kinetic energy of > 1000 J. By both experimental methods, three more types of particles were produced in addition, which could be identified and related to the acceleration and ejection history of the melt: spherical particles, elongated particles, and Pele's hair. Abundance and grain size distribution of these particles were found to be proportional to the rate of acceleration and the speed of ejection but were not influenced by the experimental method used. Pele's hair occurred at ejection speeds of >75 m/s.

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Section: Volcanological Relevancesupporting

confidence: 53%

Fragmentation of basaltic melt in the course of explosive volcanism

Zimanowski¹,

Büttner²,

Lorenz³

et al. 1997

J. Geophys. Res.

196

131

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“…To further test the multi-method palaeointensity approach (de Groot et al, 2013;Monster et al, 2015a), we revisited twelve sites from Schnepp (1996) that had previously been dated by Schmincke and Mertes (1979), Lippolt (1985,1986) and van den Bogaard et al (1989). The sites are given in Table 1 ordered from young to old.…”

Section: Geological Setting and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection criteria for TTB are as follows (all statistics as defined by Paterson et al (2014)): number of points (n) ≥ 5; fraction (f) ≥ 0.35; the ratio of the standard error of the slope to the absolute value of the slope (β) ≤ 0.15; quality parameter (q) ≥ 0; the maximum angular deviation of the anchored directional fits to the paleomagnetic vector (MAD anc ) ≤ 15; the angular difference between the anchored and free-floating best-fit directions (α) ≤ 15; Maximum absolute difference produced by a pTRM check, normalized by the total TRM (Leonhardt et al, 2004) (δCK) ≤ 9; the alteration determined by the difference of the alteration corrected intensity estimate and the uncorrected estimate, normalized by the uncorrected estimate (Leonhardt et al, 2004) (δpal) ≤ 18; the maximum absolute difference produced Table 1 Palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic data. From left to right: site age (Schmincke and Mertes, 1979;Lippolt, 1985, 1986) and location (latitude and longitude in decimal minutes), palaeomagnetic directions and their α 95 and number of accepted samples n out of the total number of samples N, Curie (Tc) and alteration temperatures (T alt ), and oxidation class according to Watkins and Haggerty (1968) for all twelve sites. Class I is pristine, VI is most oxidised.…”

Section: Palaeointensity Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fourth method is a non-heating method, the calibrated pseudo-Thellier protocol (Tauxe et al, 1995;de Groot et al, 2013) which relies on an experimentally derived calibration (de Groot et al, 2013). We only sampled radiometrically dated sites with either the K/Ar or the 39 Ar/ 40 Ar method (Schmincke and Mertes, 1979;Lippolt,1985, 1986;van den Bogaard et al, 1989). The East Eifel volcanic field is Quaternary in age; ages of the sampled units range between ∼200 ka and ∼470 ka.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Full-vector geomagnetic field records from the East Eifel, Germany

Monster

Langemeijer

Wiarda

et al. 2018

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors

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A B S T R A C TTo create meaningful models of the geomagnetic field, high-quality directional and intensity input data are needed. However, while it is fairly straightforward to obtain directional data, intensity data are much scarcer, especially for periods before the Holocene. Here, we present data from twelve flows (age range ∼ 200 to ∼ 470 ka) in the East Eifel volcanic field (Germany). These sites had been previously studied and are resampled to further test the recently proposed multi-method palaeointensity approach. Samples are first subjected to classic palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic analyses to optimise the subsequent palaeointensity experiments. Four different palaeointensity methods -IZZI-Thellier, the multispecimen method, calibrated pseudo-Thellier, and microwave-Thellier -are being used in the present study. The latter should be considered as supportive because only one or two specimens per site could be processed. Palaeointensities obtained for ten sites pass our selection criteria: two sites are successful with a single approach, four sites with two approaches, three more sites work with three approaches, and one site with all four approaches. Site-averaged intensity values typically range between 30 and 35 μT. No typically low palaeointensity values are found, in line with paleodirectional results which are compatible with regular palaeosecular variation of the Earth's magnetic field. Results from different methods are remarkably consistent and generally agree well with the values previously reported. They appear to be below the average for the Brunhes chron; there are no indications for relatively higher palaeointensities for units younger than 300 ka. However, our young sites could be close in age, and therefore may not represent the average intensity of the paleofield. Three of our sites are even considered coeval; encouragingly, these do yield the same palaeointensity within uncertainty bounds.

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“…The countryside of the Middle-Rhine and Mosel area is characterized by the so-called "East-Eifel-Volcanism" (Schmincke and Mertes, 1979). It is divided into a number of alkali-basaltic volcano-complexes consisting of slag-cones as well as four large phonolithic centers of eruption.…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%