Pliocene and Pleistocene exhumation and uplift of two key areas of the Northern Apennines

Seasonal landslide mapping and estimation of landslide mobilization rates using aerial and satellite images

“…Thus, a direct comparison with the short-time erosion estimates obtained in this study is not possible. However, estimates of erosion, river incision, and uplift rates for several sites, or areas, in the northern and central Apennines since about 1 Ma are available (Balestrieri et al, 2003;Mancini et al, 2007;Mariani et al, 2007;Cyr and Granger, 2008;Cyr et al, 2010). These estimates concur in indicating that the long-term erosion rate ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 mm year − 1 .…”

Speleogenesis in highly geodynamic contexts: The quaternary evolution of Monte Corchia multi-level karst system (Alpi Apuane, Italy)

“…Apatite fission track dating of metamorphic rocks gives us a first constraint about the time of exhumation. According to the published data, about 4.5−5.0 Ma ago the metamorphic rocks were still covered by at least 3-4 km of rock (Balestrieri et al, 2003;Fellin et al, 2007). We don't know the real exhumation rate of the metamorphic complex but we can suppose that it was exposed not earlier than 3.0−3.5 Ma ago.…”

Recent and active tectonics of the external zone of the Northern Apennines (Italy)

“…This fault system is characterised by prominent morphotectonic signature indicative of Pleistocene activity, as summarised in the above ''The Apenninic chain'' section. The Apenninic chain is marked by localised Pleistocene and current uplift (e.g., Balestrieri et al 2003;D'Anastasio et al 2006;Thomson 2009) and moderate seismicity. Analysis of focal mechanism solutions within the chain indicates superposition of two different deformation fields with depth (e.g., Lavecchia et al 2003).…”