Plio-Pleistocene diversification of Cereus (Cactaceae, Cereeae) and closely allied genera

Franco, Fernando Faria; Silva, Gislaine Angélica Rodrigues; Moraes, Evandro M.; Taylor, Nigel; Zappi, Daniela C.; Jojima, CecÝlia Leiko; Machado, Marlon C.

doi:10.1093/botlinnean/bow010

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…clade (2.70 Ma, Figure ) and the Middle–Upper Pleistocene (0.78–0.02 Ma) age of divergence for extant species agree well with those obtained by Franco et al. () for the widespread cacti genus Cereus . Comparable divergence time estimates in Cereus hildmannianus Mill.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…If our age estimates are right, species divergence was rapid with a net diversification rate resembling those exhibited by some island radiations (Vitales et al., ). This might explain the weak support for internal nodes recovered in our study (Figure ) and in other infrageneric studies of cacti (Bonatelli et al., ; Franco et al., ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…Genus Pilosocereus is one of few genera of Cereeae that are distributed outside South America, extending across arid habitats from southern Brazil and Peru to southern USA, but exhibits a surprisingly homogeneous morphology (Zappi, 1994; see Figure 1). That morphology alone is not a good systematic criterion in cacti is suggested by the frequent recovery in phylogenetic studies of non-monophyletic genera and species (Bonatelli et al, 2014;Franco et al, 2017;this study). This differs from the pattern found in other Neotropical families (Carvalho & Renner, 2012;Lohmann, Bell, Calió, & Winkworth, 2013), where diversification has been linked to the colonization of novel habitat types and concomitant morphological change.…”

Section: Inter-region Colonization Of Similar Habitats As a Driver mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The Pliocene-Pleistocene transition was a period of major climate change globally, which marked the onset of Quaternary glaciations (Zachos et al, 2008). Phylogenetic studies have supported a role for Pleistocene climatic changes in structuring geographic patterns among and within species in Cactaceae (Bonatelli et al, 2014;Franco et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2018). According to the hypothesis of "interglacial refugia" (Bonatelli et al, 2014), cacti species would have extended their geographic ranges during Pleistocene glacial cycles, probably via stepping stone dispersal, but became restricted to refugia during the warmer interglacial periods.…”

Section: Diversification and Biogeographic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15–11 Ma), after a global drop in temperatures led to the expansion of arid and semi‐arid habitats worldwide (Arakaki et al., ; Hernández‐Hernández, Brown, Schlumpberger, Eguiarte, & Magallón, ). Although there are still few generic studies in cacti (Franck, Cochrane, & Garey, ; Franco et al., ; Majure et al., ; Silva, Antonelli, Lendel, Moraes, & Manfrin, ), estimates from these, and more inclusive family‐level phylogenies (Arakaki et al., ; Hernández‐Hernández et al., ), indicate an age of origin of many genera around the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition (2.58 Ma, http://www.stratigraphy.org), with species divergences dated well within the Pleistocene (Bonatelli et al., ; Franco et al., ; Silva et al., ). These studies suggest that events of rapid climate change since the Paleogene have been important drivers in the evolution of cacti.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bayesian spatio‐temporal reconstruction reveals rapid diversification and Pleistocene range expansion in the widespread columnar cactus Pilosocereus

Lavor

Calvente

Versieux

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Pilosocereus is one of the richest and most widespread genera of columnar cacti, extending from south‐west USA to southern Brazil. Most species occur in the seasonally dry tropical forest biome but can also be found in xeric microhabitats inside woody savannas (Cerrado) and moist forests (Brazilian Atlantic forest). The genus exhibits a highly disjunct distribution across the Neotropics. Using a 90% complete species‐level phylogeny, we reconstructed the spatio‐temporal evolution of Pilosocereus to explore the historical factors behind the species richness of Neotropical dry formations. Location South America, Mesoamerica, Caribbean, south‐western North America. Taxon Genus Pilosocereus (Cactaceae, Cactoideae, Cereeae). Methods We used plastid and nuclear DNA sequences and Bayesian inference to estimate phylogenetic relationships and lineage divergence times. Ancestral ranges were inferred within the Pilosocereus subgenus Pilosocereus s. s. clade using the Dispersal–Extinction–Cladogenesis model in a Bayesian framework to account for parameter estimation uncertainty and the effect of geographical distance on dispersal rates. Results Pilosocereus was recovered as polyphyletic, with representatives of other Cereeae nested within. The Pilosocereus subgenus Pilosocereus s. s. clade originated around the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition (2.7 Ma), probably within the Caatinga seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) formation. Species divergences were dated in the Middle and Upper Pleistocene, often constrained to the same geographic region but also associated to migration events to other xeric habitats in Mesoamerica and northern South America; dispersal rates were not dependent on distance. Main conclusions Diversification dynamics in the Pilosocereus subgenus Pilosocereus s. s. clade agree with other infrageneric studies in cacti. Species divergence was rapid, driven by in situ diversification and migration events between SDTF dry formations and xeric microhabitats within other biomes and probably linked to Pleistocene climatic changes. This dynamic history differs from that found in woody SDTF lineages, which are older in age and characterized by low‐dispersal rates and long‐term isolation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Inter-region Colonization Of Similar Habitats As a Driver mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Diversification and Biogeographic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bayesian spatio‐temporal reconstruction reveals rapid diversification and Pleistocene range expansion in the widespread columnar cactus Pilosocereus

Lavor

Calvente

Versieux

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Pleistocene aridification underlies the evolutionary history of the Caribbean endemic, insular, giant Consolea (Opuntioideae)

Majure

Barrios

Díaz³

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Premise The Caribbean islands are in the top five biodiversity hotspots on the planet; however, the biogeographic history of the seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) there is poorly studied. Consolea consists of nine species of dioecious, hummingbird‐pollinated tree cacti endemic to the West Indies, which form a conspicuous element of the SDTF. Several species are threatened by anthropogenic disturbance, disease, sea‐level rise, and invasive species and are of conservation concern. However, no comprehensive phylogeny yet exists for the clade. Methods We reconstructed the phylogeny of Consolea, sampling all species using plastomic data to determine relationships, understand the evolution of key morphological characters, and test their biogeographic history. We estimated divergence times to determine the role climate change may have played in shaping the current diversity of the clade. Results Consolea appears to have evolved very recently during the latter part of the Pleistocene on Cuba/Hispaniola likely from a South American ancestor and, from there, moved into the Bahamas, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Florida, and the Lesser Antilles. The tree growth form is a synapomorphy of Consolea and likely aided in the establishment and diversification of the clade. Conclusions Pleistocene aridification associated with glaciation likely played a role in shaping the current diversity of Consolea, and insular gigantism may have been a key innovation leading to the success of these species to invade the often‐dense SDTF. This in‐situ Caribbean radiation provides a window into the generation of species diversity and the complexity of the SDTF community within the Antilles.

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The xeric side of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: The forces shaping phylogeographic structure of cacti

Franco

Jojima

Perez

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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In order to investigate biogeographic influences on xeric biota in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF), a biodiversity hotspot, we used a monophyletic group including three cactus taxa as a model to perform a phylogeographic study: Cereus fernambucensis subsp. fernambucensis, C. fernambucensis subsp. sericifer, and C. insularis. These cacti are allopatric and grow in xeric habitats along BAF, including isolated granite and gneiss rock outcrops (Inselbergs), sand dune vegetation (Restinga forest), and the rocky shore of an oceanic archipelago (islands of Fernando de Noronha). The nucleotide information from nuclear gene phytochrome C and plastid intergenic spacer trnS‐trnG was used to perform different approaches and statistical analyses, comprising population structure, demographic changes, phylogenetic relationships, and biogeographic reconstruction in both spatial and temporal scales. We recovered four allopatric population groups with highly supported branches in the phylogenetic tree with divergence initiated in the middle Pleistocene: southern distribution of C. fernambucensis subsp. fernambucensis, northern distribution of C. fernambucensis subsp. fernambucensis together with C. insularis, southern distribution of C. fernambucensis subsp. sericifer, and northern distribution of C. fernambucensis subsp. sericifer. Further, the results suggest that genetic diversity of population groups was strongly shaped by an initial colonization event from south to north followed by fragmentation. The phylogenetic pattern found for C. insularis is plausible with peripatric speciation in the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha. To explain the phylogeographic patterns, the putative effects of both climatic and sea level changes as well as neotectonic activity during the Pleistocene are discussed.

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Plio-Pleistocene diversification of Cereus (Cactaceae, Cereeae) and closely allied genera

Cited by 31 publications

References 52 publications

Bayesian spatio‐temporal reconstruction reveals rapid diversification and Pleistocene range expansion in the widespread columnar cactus Pilosocereus

Bayesian spatio‐temporal reconstruction reveals rapid diversification and Pleistocene range expansion in the widespread columnar cactus Pilosocereus

Pleistocene aridification underlies the evolutionary history of the Caribbean endemic, insular, giant Consolea (Opuntioideae)

The xeric side of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: The forces shaping phylogeographic structure of cacti

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