Pliant pathogens: Estimating viral spread when confronted with new vector, host, and environmental conditions

Porath-Krause, Anita J.; Campbell, Ryan M.; Shoemaker, Lauren G.; Sieben, Andrew; Strauss, Alexander T.; Shaw, Allison K.; Seabloom, Eric W.; Borer, Elizabeth T.

doi:10.1002/ece3.7178

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 84 publications

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“…Very few studies appear to have looked at this scenario. Porath-Krauss et al [ 103 ] introduce barley yellow dwarf virus into hosts and vectors that the virus had not encountered for thousands of viral generations (estimated as some 250 days), without significant reduction in disease prevalence. In the case of a truly new encounter, we can assume that, prior to first encounter, there would be no vector bias with landing occurring at random.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and ecological consequences of virus manipulation of host and vector in plant virus transmission

et al. 2021

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Many plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors. Transmission can be described as persistent or non-persistent depending on rates of acquisition, retention, and inoculation of virus. Much experimental evidence has accumulated indicating vectors can prefer to settle and/or feed on infected versus noninfected host plants. For persistent transmission, vector preference can also be conditional, depending on the vector’s own infection status. Since viruses can alter host plant quality as a resource for feeding, infection potentially also affects vector population dynamics. Here we use mathematical modelling to develop a theoretical framework addressing the effects of vector preferences for landing, settling and feeding–as well as potential effects of infection on vector population density–on plant virus epidemics. We explore the consequences of preferences that depend on the host (infected or healthy) and vector (viruliferous or nonviruliferous) phenotypes, and how this is affected by the form of transmission, persistent or non-persistent. We show how different components of vector preference have characteristic effects on both the basic reproduction number and the final incidence of disease. We also show how vector preference can induce bistability, in which the virus is able to persist even when it cannot invade from very low densities. Feedbacks between plant infection status, vector population dynamics and virus transmission potentially lead to very complex dynamics, including sustained oscillations. Our work is supported by an interactive interface https://plantdiseasevectorpreference.herokuapp.com/. Our model reiterates the importance of coupling virus infection to vector behaviour, life history and population dynamics to fully understand plant virus epidemics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and ecological consequences of virus manipulation of host and vector in plant virus transmission

et al. 2021

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Epidemiological and ecological consequences of virus manipulation of host and vector in plant virus transmission

Cunniffe

Taylor

Hamelin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Many plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors. Transmission can be described as persistent or non-persistent depending on rates of acquisition, retention, and inoculation of virus. Much experimental evidence has accumulated indicating vectors can prefer to settle and/or feed on infected versus noninfected host plants. For persistent transmission, vector preference can also be conditional, depending on the vector's own infection status. Since viruses can alter host plant quality as a resource for feeding, infection potentially also affects vector population dynamics. Here we use mathematical modelling to develop a theoretical framework addressing the effects of vector preferences for landing, settling and feeding, as well as potential effects of infection on vector population density, on plant virus epidemics. We explore the consequences of preferences that depend on the host (infected or healthy) and vector (viruliferous or nonviruliferous) phenotypes, and how this is affected by the form of transmission, persistent or non-persistent. We show how different components of vector preference have characteristic effects on both the basic reproduction number and the final incidence of disease. We also show how vector preference can induce bistability, in which the virus is able to persist even when it cannot invade from very low densities. Feedbacks between plant infection status, vector population dynamics and virus transmission potentially lead to very complex dynamics, including sustained oscillations. Our work is supported by an interactive interface https://plantdiseasevectorpreference.herokuapp.com/. Our model reiterates the importance of coupling virus infection to vector behaviour, life history and population dynamics to fully understand plant virus epidemics.

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Genetic variations and gene expression profiles of Rice Black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) in different host plants and insect vectors: insights from RNA-Seq analysis

Lagzian,

Ghorbani,

Tabein

et al. 2024

BMC Genomics

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Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is an etiological agent of a destructive disease infecting some economically important crops from the Gramineae family in Asia. While RBSDV causes high yield losses, genetic characteristics of replicative viral populations have not been investigated within different host plants and insect vectors. Herein, eleven publicly available RNA-Seq datasets from Chinese RBSDV-infected rice, maize, and viruliferous planthopper ( Laodelphax striatellus ) were obtained from the NCBI database. The patterns of SNP and RNA expression profiles of expected RBSDV populations were analyzed by CLC Workbench 20 and Geneious Prime software. These analyses discovered 2,646 mutations with codon changes in RBSDV whole transcriptome and forty-seven co-mutated hotspots with high variant frequency within the crucial regions of S5-1, S5-2, S6, S7-1, S7-2, S9, and S10 open reading frames (ORFs) which are responsible for some virulence and host range functions. Moreover, three joint mutations are located on the three-dimensional protein of P9-1. The infected RBSDV-susceptible rice cultivar KTWYJ3 and indigenous planthopper datasets showed more co-mutated hotspot numbers than others. Our analyses showed the expression patterns of viral genomic fragments varied depending on the host type. Unlike planthopper, S5-1, S2, S6, and S9-1 ORFs, respectively had the greatest read numbers in host plants; and S5-2, S9-2, and S7-2 were expressed in the lowest level. These findings underscore virus/host complexes are effective in the genetic variations and gene expression profiles of plant viruses. Our analysis revealed no evidence of recombination events. Interestingly, the negative selection was observed at 12 RBSDV ORFs, except for position 1015 in the P1 protein, where a positive selection was detected. The research highlights the potential of SRA datasets for analysis of the virus cycle and enhances our understanding of RBSDV’s genetic diversity and host specificity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-024-10649-9.

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Pliant pathogens: Estimating viral spread when confronted with new vector, host, and environmental conditions

Cited by 4 publications

References 84 publications

Epidemiological and ecological consequences of virus manipulation of host and vector in plant virus transmission

Epidemiological and ecological consequences of virus manipulation of host and vector in plant virus transmission

Epidemiological and ecological consequences of virus manipulation of host and vector in plant virus transmission

Genetic variations and gene expression profiles of Rice Black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) in different host plants and insect vectors: insights from RNA-Seq analysis

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