Pleural thymoma: A rare cause of pleural mass. About one case

Bouardi, Nizar El; Haloua, Meriem; Lamrani, Youssef Alaοui; Boubbou, Meriem; Maâroufi, Mustapha; Alami, Badreeddine

doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2021.12.019

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…2 Ectopic pleural thymoma, although rare, is also described. 4 The cytological features of thymic epithelial neoplasms, including thymoma, sampled via fine-needle aspiration are well described 5,6 and, in the case of thymoma, include dual populations of cytokeratin positive thymic epithelial cells and immature T-lymphocytes of thymic origin, which express CD3, CD1a and TdT. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second case of disseminated thymoma in pleural fluid to be published in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The reasons behind the rarity of this finding are not completely understood. Although the incidence is unknown, multiple case reports exist of pleural effusion 4,8,9 or, rarely, pericardial effusion 8,10,11 occurring in thymoma patients with serosal dissemination. In many of these case reports the effusion cytology is described as negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pleural dissemination of thymoma can occur via direct extension of the primary tumour, tumour recurrence or metastasis, and is the most common secondary site of tumour involvement 2 . Ectopic pleural thymoma, although rare, is also described 4 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disseminated thymoma in pleural fluid: An unusual case

Berry,

Cooper

2023

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Thymic epithelial tumours show characteristic cytological features on fine‐needle aspiration cytology, however the cytological features of thymoma in fluid cytology are not well described. We present the case of a 77 year‐old‐woman with known pleural dissemination of type B2/B3 thymoma presenting with shortness of breath and orthopnoea due to a pleural effusion. Cytological evaluation of the pleural fluid showed cellular smears composed of numerous small lymphocytes with small numbers of admixed mesothelial cells. There was no epithelial component. On immunohistochemical (IHC) staining the lymphocytes were T cells which were positive for CD3. CD1a and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase (TdT) were also positive, consistent with immature lymphocytes of thymic origin. Despite the lack of an epithelial component, this case was diagnosed as suspicious for recurrent/ metastatic thymoma. This is only the second published case of thymoma identified on pleural fluid cytology, and to our knowledge the first case describing thymoma in pleural fluid with no epithelial component, a potential pitfall with the more common differential diagnosis of a reactive lymphocytic effusion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disseminated thymoma in pleural fluid: An unusual case

Berry,

Cooper

2023

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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“…In this case, diffused and nodular thickening of the left pleura with mildly enhanced in the contrastenhanced CT and significantly elevated 18 F-FDG uptake in the 18 F-FDG PET/CT, occupying almost all the left thoracic cavity causing collapse of the left lung and invading mediastinum and pericardium, which was radiographically difficult to differentiate from MPN as well as from lung cancer with pleural metastasis [6]. Bouardi et al reported a case of pleural thymoma characterized by a localized left pleural mass rather than diffuse involvement [7]. Shah et al also reported a pleural thymoma presenting as a localized pleural-based mass with increased 18 F-FDG uptake [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic pleural thymoma with T-cell lymphocytosis and bone metastasis: a case report

Li,

Liu,

et al. 2024

BMC Pulm Med

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Background The diagnostic complexities that arise in radiographic distinction between ectopic pleural thymoma and other thoracic neoplasms are substantial, with instances of co-occurring T-cell lymphocytosis and osseous metastasis being exceedingly rare. Case presentation A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea and chest pain. Upon imaging examination, she was found to have diffuse and nodular pleural thickening on the left side, collapse of the left lung and a compression in the second thoracic vertebrae. All lesions showed significant 18F-FDG uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT examination. Furthermore, she exhibited T-cell lymphocytosis in her peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. After ruling out malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), lung cancer with pleural metastasis, and T-cell lymphoma, the definitive diagnosis asserted was ectopic pleural thymoma with T-cell lymphocytosis and bone metastasis. Conclusion Physicians need to expand their knowledge of the imaging features of ectopic pleural thymoma. Cases with T-cell lymphocytosis may exhibit increased aggressiveness and prone to bone metastasis.

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“…6 Pleural thymoma is another entity that can mimic our case. 7 Malignant thymoma carries poor prognosis and surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment. 8 In our case, patient of thymoma presented with massive pleural effusion.…”

Section: Reported the First Case Of Thymoma Presenting As Pleural Eff...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymoma presenting as massive pleural effusion: An unusual presentation

Kumar,

Anand,

Dubey

2023

IJIRM

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The mediastinum is an anatomical space between the lungs that houses the thymus, heart, large blood vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, and portions of the esophagus and trachea. It divides into anterior, middle, and posterior compartments. Mediastinal masses encompass a broad histopathological spectrum, ranging from benign to malignant. Fifty percent of mediastinal masses occur in the anterior compartment, the most common of which are thymoma, teratoma, thyroid goiter, and lymphoma. Thymoma is one of the causes of anterior mediastinal masses. The incidence of thymoma is quiet less. It is usually benign in nature. Malignant thymoma is very rare and pleural involvement is further rare. We are reporting a case of malignant thymoma presenting as massive pleural effusion.

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Pleural thymoma: A rare cause of pleural mass. About one case

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Disseminated thymoma in pleural fluid: An unusual case

Disseminated thymoma in pleural fluid: An unusual case

Ectopic pleural thymoma with T-cell lymphocytosis and bone metastasis: a case report

Thymoma presenting as massive pleural effusion: An unusual presentation

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