Plethodontid salamanders show variable disease dynamics in response to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans chytridiomycosis

DiRenzo, Graziella V.; Longo, Ana V.; Muletz‐Wolz, Carly R.; Pessier, Allan P.; Goodheart, Jessica A.; Lips, Karen R.

doi:10.1007/s10530-021-02536-1

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…An individual salamander's response to infection varies significantly across experimental conditions, such as temperature (Sauer et al, 2020), indicating the benefits of standardized experimental approaches across studies. After our analyses were completed, DiRenzo et al (2021) demonstrated susceptibility of numerous species through controlled laboratory inoculation experiments, providing an opportunity to validate the predictions of our model, and also to demonstrate how ours and similar predictive models could be updated in light of new findings. While we binarize our continuous predictions of infection susceptibility (see Data Availability Statement), in future work, continuous measures of susceptibility (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The United States has the highest biodiversity of salamanders on Earth (Yap et al, 2015), with numerous taxa apparently susceptible to Bsal infection (e.g. Carter et al, 2020; DiRenzo et al, 2021), raising the stakes if Bsal arrives in the United States after recently invading Europe and causing salamander population declines there. We combined an ENM to predict environmental suitability in the United States for the Bsal pathogen, together with a trait‐based machine‐learning model of host‐species susceptibility to Bsal infection to estimate geographic and species‐specific risk to salamanders across the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While we binarize our continuous predictions of infection susceptibility (see Data Availability Statement), in future work, continuous measures of susceptibility (e.g. DiRenzo et al, 2021) may better integrate the outcomes of new experimental data with model predictions, as experimental outcomes often generate degrees of infection and susceptibility (e.g. via quantitative PCR).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A spatially explicit risk assessment of salamander populations to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in the United States

Moubarak

Fischhoff

Han

et al. 2022

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim: Amphibian populations are threatened globally by anthropogenic change and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a fungal pathogen causing chytridiomycosis disease to varying degrees of severity. A closely related new fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), has recently left its supposed native range in Asia and decimated some salamander populations in Europe. Despite being noticed initially for causing chytridiomycosis-related population declines in salamanders, Bsal can also infect anurans and cause non-lethal chytridiomycosis or asymptomatic infections in salamanders. Bsal has not yet been detected in the United States, but given the United States has the highest salamander biodiversity on Earth, predictive assessments of salamander risk to Bsal infection will enable proactive allocation of research and conservation efforts into disease prevention and mitigation. Location: The United States, Europe and Asia. Methods: We first predicted the environmental suitability for the Bsal pathogen in the United States through an ecological niche model based on the pathogen's known native range in Asia, validated on the observed invasive range in Europe using bioclimatic, land cover, elevation, soil characteristics and human modification variables.Second, we predicted the susceptibility of salamander species to Bsal infection using a machine-learning model that correlated life history traits with published data on confirmed species infections. Finally, we mapped the geographic ranges of the subset of species that were predicted to be susceptible to Bsal infection. Results:In the United States, the overlap of environmental suitability and susceptible salamander species was greatest in the Pacific Northwest, near the Gulf of Mexico, and along the Atlantic coast, and in inland states east of the Plains region. Main Conclusions:The overlap of these metrics identify salamander populations that may be at risk of developing Bsal infection and suggests priorities for pre-emptive research and conservation measures to protect at-risk salamander species from an additional pathogenic threat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A spatially explicit risk assessment of salamander populations to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in the United States

Moubarak

Fischhoff

Han

et al. 2022

Diversity and Distributions

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“…Although some species could be more tolerant than others (Martel et al, 2014), by assuming equal vulnerability across hosts we followed the precautionary principle for conservation and decision-making purposes (Persson, 2016). A recent work testing Bsal susceptibility specifically in plethodontid salamanders showed a wide spectrum of responses from species experiencing rapid and high mortality to species with moderate infections (Direnzo et al, 2021). However, for bolitoglossines the evidence remains restricted to two species The potential distribution for Bsal also corresponds with some areas of the predicted distribution of Bd at both the regional level (Ron, 2005) and the country level in Mexico (Bolom-Huet et al, 2019) and Costa Rica (Zumbado-Ulate et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipating the potential impacts of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans on Neotropical salamander diversity

et al. 2021

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Emergent infectious disease caused by the fungal pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) represents one of the major causes of biodiversity loss in amphibians. While Bd has affected amphibians worldwide, Bsal remains restricted to Asia and Europe, but also could be a major threat for salamanders in the Western hemisphere, including the 320 bolitoglossine species described. Here, we predict the suitable areas for Bsal in the Neotropics and assess its potential impact on bolitoglossine diversity. For this, we determined the geographic patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity for bolitoglossines and modeled the potential distribution of Bsal in the Neotropics. We identified which species and regions could be at risk from an eventual introduction of Bsal in the region, quantified the degree of overlap between regions of high diversity and the suitable conditions for the pathogen, and considered species IUCN Red List status, and geographic range size. We found that regions of high taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity are concentrated in the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre Oriental, the southern portion of Sierra Madre del Sur and the mountains of Oaxaca in México, as well as the Chiapan‐Guatemalan highlands, and the Cordilleras of Costa Rica and Panama. Alarmingly, the regions of high diversity for bolitoglossines and over 75% of the ranges of the more threatened species could be affected by Bsal. Given the unknown vulnerability of these species, we strongly recommend measures to avoid the introduction of Bsal in the continent. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.

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Widespread occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Ontario, Canada, and predicted habitat suitability for the emerging Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans

Crawshaw

Buchanan

Shirose

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Plethodontid salamanders show variable disease dynamics in response to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans chytridiomycosis

Cited by 13 publications

References 59 publications

A spatially explicit risk assessment of salamander populations to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in the United States

A spatially explicit risk assessment of salamander populations to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in the United States

Anticipating the potential impacts of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans on Neotropical salamander diversity

Widespread occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Ontario, Canada, and predicted habitat suitability for the emerging Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans

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