Plesiomonas shigelloides: An Opportunistic Food and Waterborne Pathogen

Miller, Mary Lou; Koburger, J. A.

doi:10.4315/0362-028x-48.5.449

Cited by 63 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…(14,23). Such differences would explain the diverse clinical spectrum associated with P. shigelloides infections (7,9,16,20) and also might account for some of the conflicting data from previous experimental assays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Plesiomonas shigelloides historically has been considered of little enteropathogenic significance due to the lack of clearly demonstrated virulence factors, such as enterotoxins, cytotoxins, or invasive abilities (2,6,15,16,18,20,25,26,33). However, recent epidemiological evidence has strongly implicated P. shigelloides as a significant cause of diarrheal disease; in Japan, it is considered to rank third (at 5.6%) as a cause of traveler's diarrhea (35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…shigelloides has been considered an opportunistic pathogen in the immunocompromised host and has been isolated from a wide variety of sources, including soil, surface water, food, wild and domestic animals, and diarrheic and asymptomatic humans (5,7,8,9,16,20). It is presumed that the consumption of or exposure to contaminated water sources or food derived from such sources serves as the prime mechanism for the transmission of P. shigelloides diarrheal disease (1,4,37).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Plesiomonas shigelloides Enters Polarized Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells in an In Vitro Model System

et al. 2001

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This study provides the first definitive evidence that the gram-negative bacterium Plesiomonas shigelloides adheres to and enters eukaryotic intestinal host cells in vitro. P. shigelloides is increasingly regarded as an emerging enteric pathogen and has been implicated in intestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans. However, the establishment of its true role in enteric disease has been hindered by inadequacies in experimental design, deficiencies in clinical diagnosis, and the lack of an appropriate animal model. In this investigation, an in vitro system was used to evaluate plesiomonad pathogenesis. Differentiated epithelium-derived Caco-2 cell monolayers inoculated apically with 12 isolates of P. shigelloides from clinical (intestinal) origins were examined at high resolution using transmission electron microscopy. Bacterial cells were observed adhering to intact microvilli and to the plasma membrane on both the apical and the basal surfaces of the monolayer. The bacteria entered the Caco-2 cells and were observed enclosed in single and multiple membranebound vacuoles within the host cell cytoplasm. This observation suggests that initial uptake may occur through a phagocytic-like process, as has been documented for many other enteropathogens. P. shigelloides also was noted free in the cytosol of Caco-2 cells, suggesting escape from cytoplasmic vacuoles. Differences in invasion phenotypes were revealed, suggesting the possibility that, like Escherichia coli, P. shigelloides comprises different pathogenic phenotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Plesiomonas shigelloides Enters Polarized Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells in an In Vitro Model System

et al. 2001

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“…Plesiomonas consists of only one species, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and it is frequently reported as a possible enteropathogenic cause of diarrhea [19,51], and has also been associated with mortality among fish and reptiles in lakes [30]. Members of the genus Aeromonas are enteric pathogens and are associated with gastrointestinal infections and other human disease (e.g., septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, corneal ulcers, wound infections, diarrhea, and peritonitis) [4,8,12,17,18,31,33,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Bacterial Composition of the Endangered Yangtze Finless Porpoises Living Under Captive and Semi-natural Conditions

et al. 2015

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Intestinal microbiota is essential to the health and physiology of host animals. We undertook the first microbiological study of the fecal bacterial composition from critically endangered (CR) Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis; YFPs) living under captive and semi-natural conditions using both high-throughput sequencing method and 16S rRNA gene clone library method. As determined by high-throughput sequencing of V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene, seminatural samples harbored 30 and 36 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which was more than the 22 and 27 OTUs detected from YFPs living in captivity. In captive YFPs Firmicutes was the predominant phylum, whereas this was Proteobacteria for YFPs living in semi-nature conditions. This suggests habitat-specific fecal bacterial composition of YFPs. Plesiomonas spp. and Aeromonas spp., which are potentially pathogenic, were identified in all the feces. Bacterial diversity from one porpoise living in captivity was also determined by constructing a 16S rRNA gene clone library and only 1 phylum was identified. Highthroughput sequencing was more effective at determining the bacterial diversity compared to the 16S rRNA gene clone library. This study provides important information for the management and conservation of the CR YFPs.

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“…For additional information on the taxonomy, nomenclature, and classification of plesiomonads, the reader is suggested to consult the reviews of Ewing, Hugh, and Johnson (12), Farmer, Arduino, and Hickman-Brenner (11), Janda (13), McNeely et al (34), and Miller and Koburger (35).…”

Section: Outstanding Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plesiomonas shigelloides Revisited

Janda¹,

2016

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SUMMARYAfter many years in the familyVibrionaceae, the genusPlesiomonas, represented by a single species,P. shigelloides, currently resides in the familyEnterobacteriaceae, although its most appropriate phylogenetic position may yet to be determined. Common environmental reservoirs for plesiomonads include freshwater ecosystems and estuaries and inhabitants of these aquatic environs. Long suspected as being an etiologic agent of bacterial gastroenteritis, convincing evidence supporting this conclusion has accumulated over the past 2 decades in the form of a series of foodborne outbreaks solely or partially attributable toP. shigelloides. The prevalence ofP. shigelloidesenteritis varies considerably, with higher rates reported from Southeast Asia and Africa and lower numbers from North America and Europe. Reasons for these differences may include hygiene conditions, dietary habits, regional occupations, or other unknown factors. Other human illnesses caused byP. shigelloidesinclude septicemia and central nervous system disease, eye infections, and a variety of miscellaneous ailments. For years, recognizable virulence factors potentially associated withP. shigelloidespathogenicity were lacking; however, several good candidates now have been reported, including a cytotoxic hemolysin, iron acquisition systems, and lipopolysaccharide. WhileP. shigelloidesis easy to identify biochemically, it is often overlooked in stool samples due to its smaller colony size or relatively low prevalence in gastrointestinal samples. However, one FDA-approved PCR-based culture-independent diagnostic test system to detect multiple enteropathogens (FilmArray) includesP. shigelloideson its panel. Plesiomonads produce β-lactamases but are typically susceptible to many first-line antimicrobial agents, including quinolones and carbapenems.

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Plesiomonas shigelloides: An Opportunistic Food and Waterborne Pathogen

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Plesiomonas shigelloides Enters Polarized Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells in an In Vitro Model System

Plesiomonas shigelloides Enters Polarized Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells in an In Vitro Model System

Fecal Bacterial Composition of the Endangered Yangtze Finless Porpoises Living Under Captive and Semi-natural Conditions

Plesiomonas shigelloides Revisited

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