Plesiomonas: A Review on Food Safety, Fish-Borne Diseases, and Tilapia

Abstract

Fish and fish products are considered a fundamental part of the human diet due to their high nutritional value. Food-borne diseases are considered a major public health challenge worldwide due to their incidence, associated mortality, and negative economic repercussions. Food safety is the guarantee that foods will not cause harm to the health of those who consume them, and it is a fundamental property of food quality. Food safety can be at risk of being lost at any stage of the food chain if the food is contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms. Many diverse bacteria are present in the environment and as part of the microbiota of food that can be transmitted to humans during the handling and consumption of food. Plesiomonas shigelloides has been mainly associated with outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases due to the consumption of fish. This bacterium inhabits the environment and aquatic animals and is associated with the microbiota of fish such as tilapia, a fish of importance in fishing, aquaculture, commercialization, and consumption worldwide. The purpose of this document is to provide, through a bibliographic review of databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, among others), a general informative perspective on food-borne diseases and, in particular, the consumption of fish and tilapia. Diseases derived from contamination by Plesiomonas shigelloides are included, and control and prevention actions and sanitary regulations for fishery products established in several countries around the world are discussed to promote the safety of foods of aquatic origin intended for human consumption and to protect public health.

Effects of the Replacement of Dietary Fish Meal with Defatted Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) on Juvenile Large Yellow Croakers (Larimichthys crocea) Growth and Gut Health

“…In this study, TM30 increased the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus . In contrast, bacteria in Plesiomonas are a pathogen in fish, and human accidental ingestion of fish containing this bacterium is highly susceptible to gastrointestinal-related diseases [ 62 , 63 ]. Currently, the abundance of Plesiomonas was significantly reduced with a 45% level of substitution.…”

The bacteria of Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) are site-specific and distinct from freshwater environment

“…Romboutsia is highly adapted to the intestinal environment and has the ability to ferment amino acids ( Gerritsen, 2015 ; Gerritsen et al, 2019 ). Plesiomonas is a bacteria that mainly lives in various water environments ( Janda et al, 2016 ), can cause gastrointestinal diseases in humans, and have a certain degree of antibiotic resistance ( Hong et al, 2019 ; Cortés-Sánchez et al, 2021 ). Although there are no studies of this bacteria causing disease in YFP, it is worth paying attention to.…”

Isolation, Identification, and Investigation of Pathogenic Bacteria From Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Naturally Infected With Plesiomonas shigelloides

“…Intestinal mucosal immunity is an important mechanism by which a host can resist a pathogen; it plays an important role in natural immunity (50). In previous studies, P. shigelloides challenge was found to destroy the intestinal tissue structure, reduce the number of mucosal immune-related cells, cause intestinal digestion and absorption dysfunction, and activate the mucosal immune response in hybrid sturgeon (12,17). In the present study, the intestinal transcriptome of C. carpio was altered by P. shigelloides challenge.…”

“…In humans, P. shigelloides has been associated with secondary challenges in immunocompromised states, including malignancy, blood disorders, and hepatobiliary diseases ( 14 , 15 ). In addition to infecting humans, P. shigelloides can be pathogenic to aquatic animals, such as Percocypris pingi (Tchang), Huso huso♀ × Acipenser ruthenus♂ , Takifugu obscurus , Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ; it has been reported to be infect these species and even cause death ( 16 , 17 ). The survival of aquatic animals as natural hosts are not affected under normal circumstances ( 18 ).…”