Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: a clinical and histological review of 49 cases

Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma of the scalp: Review of management and distinguishing features from atypical fibroxanthoma

“…Because PDS presents with an aggressive clinical course, including a high rate of metastasis, a high chance of recurrence, and deep tissue invasion, the need for a timely and accurate diagnosis is apparent. 7 , 8 Histologically, AFX and PDS share similar immunohistochemical profiles. The major distinguishing features of PDS are the presence of tumor necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural infiltration.…”

“…The major distinguishing features of PDS are the presence of tumor necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural infiltration. 7 In addition, AFX presents with proximity to the epidermis with limited depth of invasion, whereas PDS’s presentation is diffusely infiltrative with more aggressive histopathologic behavior. 7 , 8 Clinical distinguishing features include a typically <2 cm lesional size for AFX and a larger lesional diameter for PDS.…”

“… 7 In addition, AFX presents with proximity to the epidermis with limited depth of invasion, whereas PDS’s presentation is diffusely infiltrative with more aggressive histopathologic behavior. 7 , 8 Clinical distinguishing features include a typically <2 cm lesional size for AFX and a larger lesional diameter for PDS. Furthermore, PDS is commonly ill-defined and asymmetric, whereas AFX often presents as well-defined lesions.…”

Oncological Safety and Recurrence in the Surgical Treatment of Atypical Fibroxanthoma and Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma of the Scalp

“…The head and neck area comprises 4–10% of all newly diagnosed soft tissue sarcomas [ 16 ]; however, 90% of AFX manifestations occur here [ 17 ]. Multiple studies found the scalp to be the most common region for PDS [ 5 , 18 , 19 ]. UV exposure and irradiation are known risk factors for developing AFX and PDS.…”

Case of pleomorphic dermal sarcoma with systematic review of disease characteristics, outcomes and management

“…Hence, a systematic search in PubMed of 'pleomorphic dermal sarcoma'" was conducted in April 2021, netting 134 articles, from which 15 were longitudinal studies that provided outcomes specific to PDS (table 1). [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Reported characteristics and outcomes (besides age) were pooled via randomeffects meta-analysis using the generalised linear mixed model with logit transformation, along with Clopper-Pearson CIs for individual studies. 17 Heterogeneity was assessed via the I 2 statistic and the likelihood-ratio test.…”