Pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland: A review with updates on malignant transformation and molecular genetics

Abstract

Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumor) is the most common epithelial neoplasm of the lacrimal gland. It is usually a slow growing, well-circumscribed, mass that is identical to its salivary gland counterpart. Patients generally have an excellent prognosis for vision and long-term survival after complete surgical excision. There is a tendency to reoccur, especially if there is an incomplete excision, and rarely, malignant transformation to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma can occur, which has a much poorer prognosis. The molecular genetics of lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenomas have only recently been studies, but appear to display similar genetic aberration found in the salivary gland counterparts.

Pleomorphic Adenoma of Lacrymal Gland: Report an Unusual Case

“…Surgical approach chosen depends upon tumor location, size, as well as surgeon experience [1]. Long term follow up is highly recommended because of the high rate of recurrence, the possibility of malignant transformation, or in case of incomplete excision [9].…”

“…The prognosis is excellent with a recurrence rate of less than 3% after 5 years when the lesion is completely excised with an intact capsule [3].…”

“…Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the lacrymal gland is a rare benign tumor whish arises from epithelial and mesenchymal elements [1]. This slow growing tumor, with no gender predilection, usually occurs in the 2 nd to 5 th decades of life [2].…”

“…The treatment of choice is complete resection of the adenoma with its capsule intact, and the prognosis is excellent when the lesion is completely excised with an intact capsule [3].…”

Invasive Carcinoma Ex-Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Lacrimal Gland with a Cystadenocarcinoma Component: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…Diagnostic imaging is critical for the clinical diagnosis of a lacrimal gland neoplasm. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are ideal, but MRI remains the preferred method to visualize surrounding tissue and detect radiographic features concerning aggressive malignancy [ 3 ]. The incidence of a malignant transformation of PA increases with the duration of the tumor.…”