Pleistocene sedimentary facies of the Gran Dolina archaeo-paleoanthropological site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)

Lozano, Isidoro Campaña; Benito‐Calvo, Alfonso; Pérez‐González, Alfredo; Martínez, Ana Isabel Ortega; Castro, José Marı́a Bermúdez de; Carbonell, Eudald

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.04.023

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…TD6 has been separated into sedimentary facies based on field observations, particle size analyses and recent cave sediment classifications 31 32 ( Table 1 , Figs 2 and 3 , SI 1). In this work, we extended previous classifications 12 25 28 29 , focusing on the stratigraphic layers and sedimentary environments containing archaeological remains. The latter are mainly associated with proximal debris flow facies (Facies D1) and floodplain facies including boulders (Facies F).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In “Torreón”, the layer has its maximum thickness and some clasts have a sub-vertical dip (about 10%), which suggests a sub-vertical input for this deposit. This entrance could be related to the West entry (Penal infilling), or more likely it comes from a secondary sub-vertical entry near to “Torreón”, perhaps related to the subsequent TD8 deposits 29 . This layer has a good collection of fossil remains, including hominins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several studies had been carried out on the fossil and lithic remains after the second excavation 30 , our knowledge of the sedimentology and stratigraphy of TD6 is still incomplete. The aim of this paper is to propose a detailed sedimentological and stratigraphical interpretation for the TD6 stratigraphic unit, extending previous 29 , and to study their relationships with the spatial distribution and sorting of the archaeo-palaeontological remains.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…Recently, Campaña et al . 29 described the main sedimentary facies of the Gran Dolina site, including the TD6 sedimentary facies.…”

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confidence: 99%

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New interpretation of the Gran Dolina-TD6 bearing Homo antecessor deposits through sedimentological analysis

Lozano

Pérez‐González

Benito‐Calvo

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Gran Dolina is a cavity infilled by at least 25 m of Pleistocene sediments. This sequence contains the TD6 stratigraphic unit, whose records include around 170 hominin bones that have allowed the definition of a new species, Homo antecessor. This fossil accumulation was studied as a single assemblage and interpreted as a succession of several human home bases. We propose a complete stratigraphic context and sedimentological interpretation for TD6, analyzing the relationships between the sedimentary facies, the clasts and archaeo-palaeontological remains. The TD6 unit has been divided into three sub-units and 13 layers. Nine sedimentary facies have been defined. Hominin remains appear related to three different sedimentary facies: debris flow facies, channel facies and floodplain facies. They show three kinds of distribution: first a group of scattered fossils, then a group with layers of fossils in fluvial facies, and third a group with a layer of fossils in mixed fluvial and gravity flow facies. The results of this work suggest that some of these hominin remains accumulated in the cave by geological processes, coming from the adjacent slope above the cave or the cave entry, as the palaeogeography and sedimentary characteristics of these allochthonous facies suggest.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Recently, Campaña et al . 29 described the main sedimentary facies of the Gran Dolina site, including the TD6 sedimentary facies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

New interpretation of the Gran Dolina-TD6 bearing Homo antecessor deposits through sedimentological analysis

Lozano

Pérez‐González

Benito‐Calvo

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…() demonstrated, when a heavy metal surrounds a fossil, the most affected part is the dentine and cracks, but the metal does not enter the enamel, even in these small teeth. At these depths, the fossil teeth were buried in clays containing carbonates from the walls of the karstic system (Rofes & Cuenca‐Bescós ; Campaña et al …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and composition of the incisor enamel of extant and fossil mammals with tooth pigmentation

Moya-Costa

Bauluz

Cuenca‐Bescós

2019

LET

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The inclusion of iron compounds in teeth, which impart a red to orange colour to them, is a phenomenon shown by several groups of vertebrates in different periods of their evolution. Incisors from fossil and extant shrews and from extant rodents were sectioned and studied with the techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to compare their structure and the distribution of Fe. The enamel in white‐ and red‐toothed soricids has three layers; two of them are divided into two zones in the red‐toothed species. However, the most external layer varies among taxa; it is well defined in Sorex but difficult to identify in the Early Pleistocene genera Beremendia or Dolinasorex. In the arvicoline rodent Terricola, only two layers can be defined, the outer of which is divided into two zones depending on the presence or absence of Fe. The Fe proportions in the larger soricids reach up to 45%, but in rodents only up to 10% (weight % with respect to Fe + Ca + P). The STEM study shows that in a fossil soricid the Fe phases form clusters of nanometric particles of very poor crystalline oxides or hydroxides surrounding the apatite crystals that form the enamel.

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Early occurrence of lion (Panthera spelaea) at the Middle Pleistocene Acheulean site of Notarchirico (MIS 16, Italy)

Iannucci,

Mecozzi,

Pineda

et al. 2024

J Quaternary Science

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The long sedimentary sequence of Notarchirico has yielded evidence of one of the earliest Acheulean manifestations in Europe and of recurrent hominin occupation, spanning from the end of the interglacial MIS 17 to the glacial MIS 16 (~695–610 ka). Here, we report the new discovery of a lion, Panthera spelaea, from the site, based on a metatarsal from layer A. This part of the sequence dates to ~660–612 ka (MIS 16, 40Ar/39Ar age). Therefore, Notarchirico's lion represents the earliest confirmed occurrence of the species in southwestern Europe, although older findings are known from adjacent areas. Lions and several other large mammal species dispersed into Europe during the Early–Middle Pleistocene Transition, which also witnessed the spread of the Acheulean. Ecological and behavioural adaptability was probably key, for hominins and other species, to cope with the intense and recurrent environmental fluctuations that occurred during this period.

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Pleistocene sedimentary facies of the Gran Dolina archaeo-paleoanthropological site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)

Cited by 50 publications

References 75 publications

New interpretation of the Gran Dolina-TD6 bearing Homo antecessor deposits through sedimentological analysis

New interpretation of the Gran Dolina-TD6 bearing Homo antecessor deposits through sedimentological analysis

Structure and composition of the incisor enamel of extant and fossil mammals with tooth pigmentation

Early occurrence of lion (Panthera spelaea) at the Middle Pleistocene Acheulean site of Notarchirico (MIS 16, Italy)

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