Pleistocene graminoid-dominated ecosystems in the Arctic

Blinnikov, Mikhail S.; Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Walker, Donald A.; Wooller, Matthew J.; Zazula, Grant D.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.07.002

Cited by 71 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 169 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Their morphological classification was accomplished based on Twiss et al [3], whilst the denomination of individual morphotypes was accomplished according to the International Code for Phytolith Nomenclature 1.0 (ICPN 1.0 [30]). The classification and nomenclature work was complemented with the system of other authors (e.g., [16,28,[31][32][33][34]). Meanwhile we documented the phytolith morphotypes by taking microphotographs.…”

Section: Laboratory Procedures and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifiable differences between phytolith assemblages detected at species level: analysis of the leaves of nine Poa species (Poaceae)

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The taxonomic value of phytolith assemblages and their degree of variability within different species of the same genus is still an undervalued issue in the botanical range of phytolith studies. However the understanding of grass phytolith variance and its implications to plant systematics is doubtless.In the present study phytoliths of the lateral shoots (leaves) of nine, globally distributed Poa species (Pooideae -Poaceae) are described. Phytoliths were recovered from Poa specimens by the dry ashing technique. Altogether 6223 disarticulated phytoliths were counted (approximately 500-700 phytoliths per species) in 54 plant samples, which cover six shoots of nine species. Not only the relative frequency of each morphotype was calculated, but measurements were conducted to determine the biogenic silica content of Poa lateral shoots. A phytolith reference collection for the nine selected species of a worldwide importance was also compiled. The description of the most significant phytolith morphotypes and their taxonomic relationships are given here.Results suggest that the biogenic silica content of the Poa lateral shoots was determined to be relatively high within all nine species. Phytolith assemblage data was subjected to multivariate statistical analyses (e.g., CA and PCA) in order to find differences and similarities among the nine Poa species. Results show that the two closely related Poa of the P. pratensis species group, namely the P. pratensis and P. angustifolia, only slightly differ from the other Poa species if we consider their rondel-trapeziform short cells (SC) phytolith frequencies.

show abstract

Section: Laboratory Procedures and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifiable differences between phytolith assemblages detected at species level: analysis of the leaves of nine Poa species (Poaceae)

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Differing interpretations of paleontological and paleoecological studies led to a long controversy about the nature of the Beringian environment during the full glacial, a controversy centred on the difference between tundra-type and steppe environments. The nature of the Beringian environment has been the subject of numerous articles, books, and synthesis volumes (e.g., Hopkins et al, 1982;BrighamGrette and Elias, 2001;Blinnikov et al, 2011).…”

Section: Full-glacial and Late Glacial Conditions In Beringiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoenvironmental Studies in Southwestern Yukon

Gajewski¹,

Bunbury²,

Vetter³

et al. 2014

ARCTIC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. The St. Elias Mountain region has occupied an important place in the study of the Quaternary because it presents a relatively accessible non-polar icefield and an array of environments from tundra to boreal forest. Paleoenvironmental studies in southwestern Yukon have documented the broad-scale climatic changes of the past 20 000 years, although few studies exist with well-dated sequences at high temporal resolution. Picea glauca arrived across the entire region around 10 000 years ago; however, the details regarding its migration pathways are not well known. Available records indicate few major changes in the composition of the boreal forest vegetation since that time. A slightly more intense fire regime in the early to mid Holocene has been suggested, but this conclusion is based on only a few studies. Variations in the tree line during the Holocene have been examined, but these studies also lack details. There is no evidence for more extensive grasslands in the area during the Holocene. Paleolimnological studies indicate that changes in populations of aquatic organisms have occurred in response to either Holocene climates or watershed variability.Key words: Quaternary, Holocene, boreal forest, Yukon, Kluane Lake, paleoecology, pollen analysis, paleolimnology, climatic change, dendroclimatology, fire history RÉSUMÉ. La région du mont St. Elias occupe une place importante dans l'étude du Quaternaire parce qu'elle recèle un champ de glace non polaire relativement accessible ainsi qu'une panoplie d'environnements, allant de la toundra à la forêt boréale. Des études paléoécologiques effectuées dans le sud-ouest du Yukon ont permis de documenter les changements climatiques à grande échelle des 20 000 dernières années, et ce, même s'il existe peu d'études dotées de séquences bien datées de grande résolution temporelle. Picea glauca est arrivée dans toute la région il y a environ 10 000 ans. Cependant, les détails concernant sa voie de migration ne sont pas bien connus. Les données disponibles indiquent peu de changements majeurs dans la composition de la forêt boréale depuis cette période. Un régime des feux un peu plus intense de l'Holocène inférieur à l'Holocène moyen a été suggéré, mais cette conclusion ne repose que sur un petit nombre d'études. Les variations caractérisant la limite des arbres pendant l'Holocène ont été examinées, mais ces études ne sont également pas suffisamment détaillées. Il n'existe pas de preuve qu'il existait des prairies à plus grande échelle dans la région pendant l'Holocène. Des études paléolimnologiques indiquent que des changements caractérisant les populations d'organismes se sont produits en raison de la variabilité des climats ou dans des bassins hydrographiques de l'Holocène.

show abstract

“…An overarching similarity is the presence of large syngenetic ice wedges, and remains of the late Pleistocene mammoth fauna (Nikolskiy et al, 2011) and cold-arid tundrasteppe vegetation (e.g. Blinnikov et al, 2011). An Ice Complex often includes buried peaty cryosols affected by cryoturbation (Gubin, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice Complex formation in arctic East Siberia during the MIS3 Interstadial

Wetterich

Tumskoy

Rudaya

et al. 2014

Quaternary Science Reviews

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tA continuous 15 m long sequence of Ice Complex permafrost (Yedoma) exposed in a thermo-cirque at the southern coast of Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Archipelago, Dmitry Laptev Strait) was studied to reconstruct past landscape and environmental dynamics. The sequence accumulated during the Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) Interstadial between >49 and 29 ka BP in an ice-wedge polygon. The frozen deposits were cryolithologically described and sampled on a vertical bluff between two ice wedges. According to sedimentological and geochronological data, the section is subdivided into three units which correlate with environmental conditions of the early, middle, and late MIS3 period. Palynological data support this stratification. The stable isotope signature of texture ice in the polygon structure reflects fractionation due to local freezeethaw processes, while the signature of an approximately 5 m wide and more than 17 m high ice wedge fits very well into the regional stable-water isotope record. Regional climate dynamics during the MIS3 Interstadial and local landscape conditions of the polygonal patterned ground controlled the Ice Complex formation. The sequence presented here completes previously published MIS3 permafrost records in Northeast Siberia. Late Quaternary stadialinterstadial climate variability in arctic West Beringia is preserved at millennial resolution in the Ice Complex. A MIS3 climate optimum was revealed between 48 and 38 ka BP from the Ice Complex on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island.

show abstract

Pleistocene graminoid-dominated ecosystems in the Arctic

Cited by 71 publications

References 169 publications

Quantifiable differences between phytolith assemblages detected at species level: analysis of the leaves of nine Poa species (Poaceae)

Quantifiable differences between phytolith assemblages detected at species level: analysis of the leaves of nine Poa species (Poaceae)

Paleoenvironmental Studies in Southwestern Yukon

Ice Complex formation in arctic East Siberia during the MIS3 Interstadial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About