Pleistocene climates in China dated by magnetic susceptibility

Kukla, George; Heller, Friedrich; Ming, Liu Xiu; Chun, Xu Tong; Liu, Sheng; Sheng, An Zhi

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0811:pcicdb>2.3.co;2

Cited by 732 publications

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“…Many previous land-based studies had unraveled the long-term history of monsoon moisture as documented in the loess profiles of North China (Kukla et al, 1988;Liu and Ding, 1993;Banerjee, 1995;Porter and An, 1995). Dry phases with enhanced discharge of dust by the winter monsoon were mainly linked to glacial and cold stages, to short-term Heinrich events, and to the Younger Dryas, which was also observed in the marine sediment record of the Sulu Sea (Kudrass et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

East Asian monsoon climate during the Late Pleistocene: high-resolution sediment records from the South China Sea

et al. 1999

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Based on the study of 10 sediment cores and 40 core-top samples from the South China Sea (SCS) we obtained proxy records of past changes in East Asian monsoon climate on millennial to bidecadal time scales over the last 220,000 years. Climate proxies such as global sea level, estimates of paleotemperature, salinity, and nutrients in surface water, ventilation of deep water, paleowind strength, freshwater lids, fluvial and=or eolian sediment supply, and sediment winnowing on the sea floor were derived from planktonic and benthic stable-isotope records, the distribution of siliciclastic grain sizes, planktonic foraminifera species, and the U K 37 biomarker index. Four cores were AMS-14 C-dated. Two different regimes of monsoon circulation dominated the SCS over the last two glacial cycles, being linked to the minima and maxima of Northern Hemisphere solar insolation. (1) Glacial stages led to a stable estuarine circulation and a strong O 2 -minimum layer via a closure of the Borneo sea strait. Strong northeast monsoon and cool surface water occurred during winter, in part fed by an inflow from the north tip of Luzon. In contrast, summer temperatures were as high as during interglacials, hence the seasonality was strong. Low wetness in subtropical South China was opposed to large river input from the emerged Sunda shelf, serving as glacial refuge for tropical forest. (2) Interglacials were marked by a strong inflow of warm water via the Borneo sea strait, intense upwelling southeast of Vietnam and continental wetness in China during summer, weaker northeast monsoon and high sea-surface temperatures during winter, i.e. low seasonality. On top of the long-term variations we found millennial-to centennial-scale cold and dry, warm and humid spells during the Holocene, glacial Terminations I and II, and Stage 3. The spells were coeval with published variations in the Indian monsoon and probably, with the cold Heinrich and warm Dansgaard-Oeschger events recorded in Greenland ice cores, thus suggesting global climatic teleconnections. Holocene oscillations in the runoff from South China centered around periodicities of 775 years, ascribed to subharmonics of the 1500-year cycle in oceanic thermohaline circulation. 102=84-year cycles are tentatively assigned to the Gleissberg period of solar activity. Phase relationships among various monsoon proxies near the onset of Termination IA suggest that summer-monsoon rains and fluvial runoff from South China had already intensified right after the last glacial maximum (LGM) insolation minimum, coeval with the start of Antarctic ice melt Wang et al. / Marine Geology 156 (1999) prior to the δ 18 O signals of global sea-level rise. Vice versa, the strength of winter-monsoon winds decreased in short centennial steps only 3000-4000 years later, along with the melt of glacial ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

East Asian monsoon climate during the Late Pleistocene: high-resolution sediment records from the South China Sea

et al. 1999

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“…Several published reports on magnetic susceptibility profiling of loess in China (Tungsheng et al, 1985 ;Kukla, 1987 ;Kukla et al, 1988) first showed that the patterns of susceptibility variations measured through loess sections mirror the record of marine isotope stages. Statistical tests of the similarity between magnetic susceptibility profiles from Alaskan loess and marine isotope curves are highly significant, and confirm the proxy climatic character of the susceptibility signal (Begét and Hawkins, 1989).…”

Section: High Resolution Magnetic Susceptibility Profiling Of Loessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnetic susceptibility profiling of Quaternary loess can, in some cases, produce proxy climate curves which closely resemble marine isotope curves (Kukla et al, 1988;Begét and Hawkins, 1989;Begét et al, 1990). This suggests that proxy climate records from loess have the potential to complement Quaternary proxy climatic data sets obtained by coring marine and lacustrine sediments and ice sheets, and may shed new light on the history of climate change in terrestrial areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle Wisconsinan Climate Fluctuations Recorded in Central Alaskan Loess

Begét¹

2007

gpq

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Fluctuations in Middle Wisconsinan environments are recorded in high resolution proxy climatic curves derived from magnetic susceptibility profiling of central Alaskan loess. Two intervals of low wind intensity and climatic amelioration, separated by a period of somewhat higher wind intensity, can be recognized in several loess records of the Middle Wisconsinan. Radiocarbon dates from loess in the Fox Permafrost Tunnel indicate that the culmination of the later period of low wind intensity occurred ca. 30-32.000 yr BP, and was associated with thermal degradation of permafrost. An older period of low wind intensity early in the Middle Wisconsinan, ca. 50-60,000 yr BP, is correlative with a fossil wood horizon in the permafrost tunnel and a widespread paleosol in loess sections. Warm intervals of similar age are recorded in the Grande Pile pollen record, in ice cores and in marines cores. The 30-32,000 yr BP and the 50-60,000 yr BP warm events recorded in Alaskan loess sequences may have been caused by "greenhouse" warming produced by transient increases in atmospheric CO2 as recorded in the Vostok ice core. A Middle Wisconsinan interval of higher wind intensity, associated with the development of ice wedges, may reflect climatic cooling due to low atmospheric CO2 values ca. 42,000 yr BP.Les courbes climatiques très précises tracées à partir des profils de susceptibilité magnétique faites sur le loess du centre de l'Alaska ont montré des fluctuations au Wisconsinien moyen. Deux intervalles de vents de faible intensité et de réchauffement climatique, séparés par une période de vents plus forts, ont pu être reconstitués à partir de plusieurs inventaires loessiques du Wisconsinien moyen. Les dates au radiocarbone recueillies sur le loess du Fox Permafrost Tunnel montre que l'optimum de la dernière période de vents faibles a eu lieu vers 30-32 ka BP, et qu'il était associé à une régression du pergélisol. Une période plus ancienne de vents faibles au début du Wisconsinien moyen (vers 50-60 ka BP) correspond à un horizon de bois fossile du Permafrost Tunnel et à un paléosol d'une grande superficie dans les régions de loess. Des intervalles datant de la même époque ont été observés à partir des données polliniques de Grande Pile, provenant de carottes marines et de glace. Les périodes chaudes de 30-32 ka et de 50-60 ka BP relevées dans les séquences de loess de l'Alaska ont peut-être été provoquées par l'effet de serre en raison de l'augmentation du CO2 atmosphérique comme l'a enregistrée la carotte de glace de Vostok. L'intervalle de vents plus intenses associé au développement de coins de glace reflète peut-être un refroidissement climatique lié aux faibles valeurs de CO2 atmosphérique, vers 42 ka BP.Die Fluktuationen in der Umwelt des mittleren Wiskonsiniums sind in sehr pràzisen KIimakurven abgebildet, die mittels Magnet-Empfindlichkeitsprofilen auf dem Loss von Zentral-Alaska aufgezeichnet wurden. Zwei Intervalle niedriger Windintensitât und klimatischer Verbesserung, die durch eine Période relativ hôherer Windintens...

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“…However, another possibility is that the scatter is real and that the magnetism/rainfall relationship is less signi¢cant than has been proposed. Kukla and co-workers (Kukla et al, 1988 ;Porter et al, 2001) have proposed that the variations in magnetic susceptibility across and within the Chinese loess sequences are due to di¡ering rates of input of low-susceptibility dust. Indeed, Porter et al (2001) suggest that 84% of the susceptibility variance of the modern soils across the Loess Plateau is due to the so-called 'dust-dilution' e¡ect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic mineralogy of soils across the Russian Steppe: climatic dependence of pedogenic magnetite formation

Maher

Alekseev

Alekseeva

2003

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

187

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Formation of ferrimagnets in well-drained, buffered, unpolluted soils appears to be related to climate, and especially rainfall. If robust, this magnetism/rainfall couple can be used to estimate past rainfall from buried soils, particularly the multiple soils of the Quaternary loess/soil sequences of Central Asia. However, dispute exists regarding the role of climate vs. dust flux for the magnetic properties of modern loessic soils. Here, we examine the mineralogical basis of the magnetism/rainfall link for a climate transect across the loess-mantled Russian steppe, where, critically, dust accumulation is minimal at the present day. Magnetic and independent mineralogical analyses identify in situ formation of ferrimagnets in these grassland soils; increased ferrimagnetic concentrations are associated with higher annual rainfall. XRD and electron microscopy show the soil-formed ferrimagnets are ultrafinegrained ( 6 V50 nm) and pure. Ferrimagnetic contributions to Mo « ssbauer spectra range from 17% in the parent loess to 42% for a subsoil sample from the highest rainfall area. Total iron content varies little but the systematic magnetic increases are accompanied by decreased Fe 2þ content, reflecting increased silicate weathering. For this region, parent materials are loessial deposits, topography is rolling to flat and duration of soil formation effectively constant. The variations in soil magnetic properties thus predominantly reflect climate (and its co-variant, organic activity)ŝ tatistical analysis identifies strongest relationships between rainfall and magnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanence. This magnetic response correlates with that of the modern soils across the Chinese Loess Plateau. Such correlation suggests that the rainfall component of the climate system, not dust flux, is a key influence on soil magnetic properties in both these regions. ß

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Pleistocene climates in China dated by magnetic susceptibility

Cited by 732 publications

References 0 publications

East Asian monsoon climate during the Late Pleistocene: high-resolution sediment records from the South China Sea

East Asian monsoon climate during the Late Pleistocene: high-resolution sediment records from the South China Sea

Middle Wisconsinan Climate Fluctuations Recorded in Central Alaskan Loess

Magnetic mineralogy of soils across the Russian Steppe: climatic dependence of pedogenic magnetite formation

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