Pleiotropic Effect of Phenolic Compounds Content Increases in Transgenic Flax Plant

Lorenc-Kukuła, Katarzyna; Amarowicz, Ryszard; Oszmiański, Jan; Doermann, Peter; Starzycki, M.; Skála, J; Żuk, Magdalena; Kulma, Anna; Szopa, Jan

doi:10.1021/jf047987z

Cited by 67 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The W92/72 transgenic line was obtained from the Linola variety. This line has elevated levels of antioxidant compounds, which has been demonstrated in previous studies (Lorenc-Kukuła et al 2005, 2007. The expression of cDNAs encoding key enzymes of polyphenols biosynthesis, caused an increase in the antioxidant capacity in these plants and their seeds, which resulted in improved antioxidant properties (Lorenc--Kukuła et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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The effect of Linola and W92/72 transgenic flax seeds on the rabbit caecal fermentation - in vitro study

Miśta¹,

Króliczewska²,

Zawadzki³

et al. 2011

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The effect of W92/72 transgenic flax seeds taken from a variety of Linola on the production of SCFA, ammonia and methane by bacteria inhabiting rabbit caecum was studied. The in vitro method was used where caecal contents from rabbits was incubated with W92/72 transgenic or Linola flax seeds, or without any additives (control samples).The total concentration of SCFA was higher in samples with the addition of flax seeds than in the control samples. The increase in concentrations of acetic, propionic and butyric acids was the highest in samples with Linola seeds added. A higher percentage of propionic and butyric acids was observed in the contents incubated with addition of flax seeds as compared to the control samples. This increase was the result of a percentage decrease in acetic acid. No differences were observed in the concentration of ammonia between fermented samples. Moreover, the addition of flax seeds resulted in slight decrease of pH in incubated samples. In gas samples, the methane level was higher in samples with flax seeds added, although the highest level was found in samples with transgenic seeds.In addition, gas pressure was significantly higher in samples with flax seeds added as compared to control samples, and this may indicate a higher intensity of microbiological fermentation processes. These studies suggest that neither Linola nor W92/72 flax seeds have any unfavorable effect on the caecal microflora activity of rabbits. A beneficial influence of flax seeds on the microbiological fermentation process in rabbit caecum was observed, based on an increase in percentage ratio of propionic acid in samples with flax seeds added.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The transgenic plants were preselected via PCR using primer specific for the kanamycin resistance gene (npt II), and then selected by means of a northern blot analysis. The details of plant transformation, selection and transgenic plant analysis were described previously ( Lorenc-Kukuła et al 2005). Flax seeds (cv.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Linola and W92/72 transgenic flax seeds on the rabbit caecal fermentation - in vitro study

Miśta¹,

Króliczewska²,

Zawadzki³

et al. 2011

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…n Cu(Nc) 2 2+ + n-electron reductant (AO) ↔ n Cu(Nc) 2 + + n-electron oxidized product + n H + (22) In this reaction, the reactive Ar-OH groups of polyphenolic antioxidants are oxidized to the corresponding quinones (Ar=O) and Cu(II)-Nc is reduced to the highly colored Cu(Nc) 2 + chelate…”

Section: Reaction Spectra and Conditions Of The Cuprac Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Various Total Antioxidant Capacity Assays Applied to Phenolic Compounds with the CUPRAC Assay

et al. 2007

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It would be desirable to establish and standardize methods that can measure the total antioxidant capacity level directly from vegetable extracts containing phenolics. Antioxidant capacity assays may be broadly classified as electron transfer (ET)− and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)−based assays. The majority of HAT assays are kineticsbased, and involve a competitive reaction scheme in which antioxidant and substrate compete for peroxyl radicals thermally generated through the decomposition of azo compounds. ET−based assays measure the capacity of an antioxidant in the reduction of an oxidant, which changes colour when reduced. ET assays include the ABTS/TEAC, CUPRAC, DPPH, Folin-Ciocalteu and FRAP methods, each using different chromogenic redox reagents with different standard potentials. This review intends to offer a critical evaluation of existing antioxidant assays applied to phenolics, and reports the development by our research group of a simple and low-cost antioxidant capacity assay for dietary polyphenols, vitamins C and E, and human serum antioxidants, utilizing the copper(II)-neocuproine reagent as the chromogenic oxidizing agent, which we haved named the CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) method. This method offers distinct advantages over other ET−based assays, namely the selection of working pH at Molecules 2007, 12 1497 physiological pH (as opposed to the Folin and FRAP methods, which work at alkaline and acidic pHs, respectively), applicability to both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants (unlike Folin and DPPH), completion of the redox reactions for most common flavonoids (unlike FRAP), selective oxidation of antioxidant compounds without affecting sugars and citric acid commonly contained in foodstuffs and the capability to assay -SH bearing antioxidants (unlike FRAP). Other similar ET-based antioxidant assays that we have developed or modified for phenolics are the Fe(III)− and Ce(IV)−reducing capacity methods.

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“…The results of our latest investigations suggest that not only can the flax seeds and the oil be used in medicine, but also the fibers appear to be a valuable material for wound dressing [7]. Analysis of previously generated transgenic plants, overexpressing genes from the flavonoid synthesis pathway, showed increased levels of many phenylpropanoids, resulting in higher antioxidant capacity, fungal resistance, oil stability and SDG content increase [8]. In the course of detailed analysis of transgenic flax, metabolites of the terpenoid pathway were also detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cannabinoid-like anti-inflammatory compounds from flax fiber

Styrczewska

Kulma

Ratajczak

et al. 2012

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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response element-binding; DEG -differentially expressed genes; DFR -dihydroflavonol reductase; DMEM -Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; EDTAethylenediaminetetraacetate; GAPDH -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GC-MS -gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; GPP -geranyl pyrophosphate; HPLC -high-performance liquid chromatography; IL1β -interleukin 1β; IL6 -interleukin 6; IL8 -interleukin 8; IFN-γ -interferon γ; IPP -isopentenyl diphosphate; LPS -lipopolysacharide; MCP-1 -monocyte chemotactic protein 1; NFκB -nuclear factor κB; NHDF -normal human dermal fibroblasts; OLA -olivetolic acid; PBSphosphate buffered saline; PKA -protein kinase A; PUFA -polyunsaturated fatty acids; RQ -relative quantification; RT PCR -real-time polymerase chain reaction; SD -standard deviation; SDGsecoisolariciresinol diglucoside; SE -standard error; SOCS-1 -suppressor of cytokine signaling 1; TFA -trifluoroacetic acid; THC -tetrahydrocannabinol; THCA -Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid; TLR4 -Toll-like receptor 4; TNF-α -tumor necrosis factor α; TNFR -TNF receptor; UPLC -ultra performance liquid chromatography Abstract: Flax is a valuable source of fibers, linseed and oil. The compounds of the latter two products have already been widely examined and have been proven to possess many health-beneficial properties. In the course of analysis of fibers extract from previously generated transgenic plants overproducing phenylpropanoids a new terpenoid compound was discovered. The UV spectra and the retention time in UPLC analysis of this new compound reveal similarity to a cannabinoid-like compound, probably cannabidiol (CBD). This was confirmed by finding two ions at m/z 174.1 and 231.2 in mass spectra analysis. Further confirmation of the nature of the compound was based on a biological activity assay. It was found that the compound affects the expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes in mouse and human fibroblasts and likely the CBD from Cannabis sativa activates the specific peripheral cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) gene expression. Besides fibers, the compound was also found in all other flax tissues. It should be pointed out that the industrial process of fabric production does not affect CBD activity. The presented data suggest for the first time that flax products can be a source of biologically active cannabinoid-like compounds that are able to influence the cell immunological response. These findings might open up many new applications for medical flax products, especially for the fabric as a material for wound dressing with anti-inflammatory properties.

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Pleiotropic Effect of Phenolic Compounds Content Increases in Transgenic Flax Plant

Cited by 67 publications

References 33 publications

The effect of Linola and W92/72 transgenic flax seeds on the rabbit caecal fermentation - in vitro study

The effect of Linola and W92/72 transgenic flax seeds on the rabbit caecal fermentation - in vitro study

Comparative Evaluation of Various Total Antioxidant Capacity Assays Applied to Phenolic Compounds with the CUPRAC Assay

Cannabinoid-like anti-inflammatory compounds from flax fiber

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