Pleiotropic antipredator strategies, fleeing and feigning death, correlated with dopamine levels in Tribolium castaneum

Miyatake, Takahisa; Tabuchi, Ken; Sasaki, Kohsuke; Okada, K.; Katayama, Kohji; Moriya, Seiichi

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.04.019

Cited by 104 publications

(142 citation statements)

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“…In T. castaneum, the negative genetic correlation between the intensity of TI and locomotor activity is associated with a pleiotropic effect of the expression of brain dopamine, a neurotransmitter (Miyatake et al 2008). Beetles derived from S strains (which have constantly higher levels of brain dopamine) flee, and beetles from L strains (which have lower levels of brain dopamine), when stimulated, become tonically immobile to avoid predation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this species, strains with longer duration and higher frequency of TI (L strains) and strains with shorter duration and lower frequency of TI (S strains) were established by two-way artificial selection for duration of TI for more than 20 generations (Miyatake et al 2004(Miyatake et al , 2008. In addition, Miyatake et al (2008) have shown that males of L strains had lower levels of locomotor activity compared to those of S strains, that is, a negative genetic correlation exists between the intensity of TI and activity levels.…”

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Genetic trade-off between abilities to avoid attack and to mate: a cost of tonic immobility

Nakayama

Miyatake

2009

Biol. Lett.

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Consistent individual differences in correlated behaviours across contexts or situations, that is, behavioural syndromes, have recently been identified as an important factor shaping the evolution of behavioural traits, because of their potential for explaining trade-offs in behavioural responses. We examined a genetic link between abilities to mate and to avoid predation from the viewpoint of two genetically correlated behavioural traits; tonic immobility (TI), which is considered to be an antipredator behaviour, and activity levels in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Males derived from two strains artificially selected for divergent durations of TI were used in the present study: the L strain (with longer duration and higher frequency of TI) and the S strain (shorter duration and lower frequency of TI). We found that males of the L strain had higher survival rates in predatory environments than those of the S strain, and lower mating success even in predator-free environments. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical study showing a genetic trade-off between abilities to mate and to avoid predation in relation to behavioural syndromes, using individuals exhibiting different behavioural strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Genetic trade-off between abilities to avoid attack and to mate: a cost of tonic immobility

Nakayama

Miyatake

2009

Biol. Lett.

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“…Catatonic animals can conceal their presence not only from predators (Miyatake et al 2004), but also from harassing mates (Dennis & Lavigne 1976) and from aggressive conspecifics (Lawrence 1992;van Veen et al 1999;Bilde et al 2006;Cassill et al 2008). However, until recently, research into the adaptive significance of tonic immobility has been bypassed in evolutionary studies (but see Miyatake et al 2004Miyatake et al , 2008Bilde et al 2006;Honma et al 2006;Ruxton 2006;Ohno & Miyatake 2007;Cassill et al 2008;Gerald 2008;Hansen et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Miyatake et al 2004Miyatake et al , 2008Ruxton et al 2004;Gerald 2008). This immobile state is variously called tonic immobility, hypnosis, thanatosis, catatonia, playing possum, playing dead or death-feigning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The jumping spiders are not scavengers, but they are chase-and-capture hunters that ingest only newly killed prey. This prey-predator relationship is a suitable model system to test the adaptability of tonic immobility (Miyatake et al 2004) because the jumping spiders and flour beetles cohabit on rice bran or corn flour in cereal storehouses (T. Miyatake 2007Miyatake -2008, and the beetles frequently immobilize tonically when stimulated through predation (Miyatake et al 2004(Miyatake et al , 2008. A previous study (Miyatake et al 2004) has shown that the avoidance rate of T. castaneum by H. adansoni is significantly higher for beetles derived from strains selected for longer duration of immobility (long strain) than for those from strains selected for shorter duration (short strain).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tonically immobilized selfish prey can survive by sacrificing others

et al. 2009

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Death-feigning, also called tonic immobility, is found in a number of animal species across vertebrate and invertebrate taxa. To date, five hypotheses have been proposed for the adaptive significance of tonic immobility. These are that tonic immobility is effective for prey because (i) avoiding dead prey is safer for predators, (ii) immobility plays a role in physical defence, (iii) immobility plays a role in concealment and/or background matching, (iv) predators lose interest in unmoving prey, and (v) the characteristic immobilization posture signals a bad taste to predators. The fourth and fifth hypotheses have been considered suitable explanations for tonic immobility of the red flour beetle against its predator, the jumping spider. In the present study, we used chemical analyses of secretions by the red flour beetles under attack by the jumping spider to reject the fifth hypothesis for this system. More importantly, we tested a selfish-prey hypothesis for the adaptive significance of death-feigning as an anti-predator strategy, in which individuals adopting tonic immobility survive by sacrificing neighbours. Findings showed that survival rates of feigners were higher when in the presence of non-feigners or prey of a different species, compared to when alone, thus confirming our selfish-prey hypothesis. In summary, our results suggest that immobility following a spider attack is selfish; death-feigning prey increase their probability of survival at the expense of more mobile neighbours.

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Freezing or death feigning? Beetles selected for long death feigning showed different tactics against different predators

Asakura

Matsumura

Ishihara

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Prey evolve antipredator strategies against multiple enemies in nature. We examined how a prey species adopts different predation avoidance tactics against pursuit or sit‐and‐wait predators. As prey, we used three strains of Tribolium beetles artificially selected for short (short strain) or long (long strain) duration of death feigning, and a stock culture (base population). Death feigning is known to be effective for evading a jumping spider in the case of the long strains, while the present study showed that the long‐strain beetles used freezing against a sit‐and‐wait type predator, Amphibolus venator, in this study. The short‐ strain beetles were more easily oriented toward predators. The time to predation was also shorter in the short strains compared to the long strains. The results showed that, as prey, the short strains displayed the same behavior, escaping, against both types of predators. Traditionally, death feigning has been thought to be the last resort in a series of antipredator avoidance behaviors. However, our results showed that freezing and death feigning were not parts of a series of behaviors, but independent strategies against different predators, at least for long‐strain beetles. We also examined the relationship between a predator's starvation level and its predatory behavior. In addition, the orientation behavior toward and predation rate on the prey were observed to determine how often the predatory insect attacked the beetles.

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Pleiotropic antipredator strategies, fleeing and feigning death, correlated with dopamine levels in Tribolium castaneum

Cited by 104 publications

References 59 publications

Genetic trade-off between abilities to avoid attack and to mate: a cost of tonic immobility

Genetic trade-off between abilities to avoid attack and to mate: a cost of tonic immobility

Tonically immobilized selfish prey can survive by sacrificing others

Freezing or death feigning? Beetles selected for long death feigning showed different tactics against different predators

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