Pleiotrophin as a central nervous system neuromodulator, evidences from the hippocampus

González-Castillo, Celia; Ortuño-Sahagún, Daniel; Guzmán-Brambila, Carolina; Pallàs, Mercè; Rojas-Mayorquín, Argelia E.

doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00443

Cited by 71 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Pleiotrophin has several possible receptors, including protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type ζ (PTPRZ), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), N-syndecan, neuroglycan, integrin αvβ3, and lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) (González-Castillo et al, 2015), and as such, the functional effects of pleiotrophin binding are cell context-specific. Pleiotrophin was originally recognized to promote neurite outgrowth (Kinnunen et al, 1999; Li et al, 1990; Rauvala and Pihlaskari, 1987) and subsequently found to promote haptotactic neuroblast migration along radial glial processes from the subventricular germinal zone to the developing cortical plate during corticogenesis (Maeda and Noda, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Precursor-Derived Pleiotrophin Mediates Subventricular Zone Invasion by Glioma

Qin

Cooper

Abbott

et al. 2017

Cell

164

148

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Summary The lateral ventricle subventricular zone (SVZ) is a frequent and consequential site of pediatric and adult glioma spread, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating this are poorly understood. We demonstrate that neural precursor cell (NPC):glioma cell communication underpins this propensity of glioma to colonize the SVZ through secretion of chemoattractant signals toward which glioma cells home. Biochemical, proteomic, and functional analyses of SVZ NPC-secreted factors revealed the neurite outgrowth-promoting factor pleiotrophin, along with required binding partners SPARC/SPARCL1 and HSP90B, as key mediators of this chemoattractant effect. Pleiotrophin expression is strongly enriched in the SVZ, and pleiotrophin knockdown starkly reduced glioma invasion of the SVZ in the murine brain. Pleiotrophin, in complex with the binding partners, activated glioma Rho/ROCK signaling, and ROCK inhibition decreased invasion toward SVZ NPC-secreted factors. These findings demonstrate a pathogenic role for NPC:glioma interactions and potential therapeutic targets to limit glioma invasion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Precursor-Derived Pleiotrophin Mediates Subventricular Zone Invasion by Glioma

Qin

Cooper

Abbott

et al. 2017

Cell

164

148

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“…PTN is an extracellular matrix protein that promotes neurite outgrowth [43] and that provides neuroprotection [44]. Additionally, PTN has been involved in neuronal plasticity during learning and also during recovery after lesion or in neuropathological situation functioning as a neuromodulatory peptide, particularly in the hippocampus [45]. The increase in PTN and the pNMDA receptor protein level explain best task performance of the MWM, a robust and reliable test that is strongly correlated with hippocampal synaptic plasticity and NMDA receptor function [46].…”

Section: Samp8mentioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental Enrichment Improves Behavior, Cognition, and Brain Functional Markers in Young Senescence-Accelerated Prone Mice (SAMP8)

et al. 2015

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The environment in which organisms live can greatly influence their development. Consequently, environmental enrichment (EE) is progressively recognized as an important component in the improvement of brain function and development. It has been demonstrated that rodents raised under EE conditions exhibit favorable neuroanatomical effects that improve their learning, spatial memory, and behavioral performance. Here, by using senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8) and these as a model of adverse genetic conditions for brain development, we determined the effect of EE by raising these mice during early life under favorable conditions. We found a better generalized performance of SAMP8 under EE in the results of four behavioral and learning tests. In addition, we demonstrated broad molecular correlation in the hippocampus by an increase in NeuN and Ki67 expression, as well as an increase in the expression of neurotrophic factors, such as pleiotrophin (PTN) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), with a parallel decrease in neurodegenerative markers such as GSK3, amyloid-beta precursor protein, and phosphorylated beta-catenin, and a reduction of SBDP120, Bax, GFAP, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), resulting in a neuroprotective panorama. Globally, it can be concluded that EE applied to SAMP8 at young ages resulted in epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that give rise to significant beneficial effects at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels during brain development, particularly in the hippocampus.

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“…Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a secreted heparin‐binding growth factor known as a neuromodulatory peptide both in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues . PTN is expressed in human skin cells, especially in high levels in fibroblasts.…”

Section: Fibroblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…69 Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a secreted heparin-binding growth factor known as a neuromodulatory peptide both in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues. [70][71][72] PTN is expressed in human skin cells, especially in high levels in fibroblasts. It inhibits melanogenesis through MITF degradation via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway in normal human melanocytes.…”

Section: Scf Edn1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracrine regulation of melanogenesis

Yuan

Jin

2018

Br J Dermatol

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Melanocytes are generally characterized by the basic ability of melanin synthesis and transfer to adjacent keratinocytes. This constitutes an individual skin phenotype and provides epidermal protection from various stimuli, such as ultraviolet irradiation, through a complex process called melanogenesis, which can be regulated by autocrine or paracrine factors. Recent evidence has revealed the paracrine effects of keratinocytes on melanogenesis by secreting cytokines, including α-melanocyte stimulating hormone and endothelin-1. In addition to keratinocytes, there are other types of cells in the skin, such as fibroblasts and immune cells, which are also actively involved in the regulation of melanocyte behaviour through the production of paracrine factors. In addition, extracellular matrix proteins, which are secreted mainly by skin-resident cells, not only play direct roles in regulating melanocyte morphology and functions but also provide structural support between the epidermis and dermis to control the distribution of various secreted cytokines from keratinocytes and/or fibroblasts, which are potentially involved in the regulation of melanogenesis. Moreover, understanding the origin of melanocytes (neural crest cells) and the presence of nerve endings in the epidermis can reveal the intimate contact between melanocytes and cutaneous specific nervous system proteins. Melanocytes are associated with all these networks with corresponding receptors expressed on the cell surface. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in determining the intimate relationships between melanocytes and their surrounding elements, which provide insights into the complex nature of the regulation of melanogenesis.

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Pleiotrophin as a central nervous system neuromodulator, evidences from the hippocampus

Cited by 71 publications

References 84 publications

Neural Precursor-Derived Pleiotrophin Mediates Subventricular Zone Invasion by Glioma

Neural Precursor-Derived Pleiotrophin Mediates Subventricular Zone Invasion by Glioma

Environmental Enrichment Improves Behavior, Cognition, and Brain Functional Markers in Young Senescence-Accelerated Prone Mice (SAMP8)

Paracrine regulation of melanogenesis

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