Playout delay of TV signals

Kooij, W.J.; Stokking, Hans; Brandenburg, Ray van; Boer, Pieter-Tjerk de

doi:10.1145/2602299.2602310

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Subscribers who pay more (i.e., advanced users) prefer lower delay and expect lower loss rate. Kooij et al (2014) found that delay differences between different technologies used to stream events had negative effects, even when the difference was a single second. Therefore, we predicted that during LSES, delays would elicit an emotional response leading audiences to become paid subscribers.…”

Section: Delay and Paying Membermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the information of greatest interest to the audience is the progress and outcome of the competition, signal delay is more likely to arouse attention than advertising. In addition, Kooij et al (2014) found that an Internet connection with high latency affected audience perception of live events. High latency led to long pauses, arousing negative emotions due to distraction.…”

Section: Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can signal delay and advertising lead to profit? A study on sporting

Yan-nian

Yim²,

Lu³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionLive sporting event streaming (LSES) is becoming popular not only among consumers but also among sponsors. At the same time, influenced by China’s convenient mobile terminals, the paid membership system for live broadcasting has also attracted the attention of marketers and scholars. To promote financial sustainability, we analyzed the internal mechanism of profitability in LSES based on stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory and two-sided market characteristics. Specifically, we considered advertisement and delay the stimuli (S), arousal and attention as the organism variables (O), and intention to become a paying member as the response (R).MethodsWe used an online survey questionnaire to collect data from 430 Chinese LSES viewers during the 2021 European Cup. We used SPSS Amos v. 26 to conduct structural equation modeling (SEM) and bootstrapping to test the model.ResultsThe results show that the direct paths from advertisement and delay to behavioral intention were not significant and that these relationships only became significant via the mediating variables of arousal and attention. Compared to advertising, delay had a stronger indirect effect on behavior. Arousal and attention generated a chain intermediary mechanism in which the presence of attention was necessary.DiscussionFirst, LSES platforms should follow Internet development trends and create higher economic value by using precise advertising strategies. Second, LSES platforms should make full use of 5G mobile communication technology to maximize profit. Third, LSES platforms must pay attention to the intermediary mechanism of arousal and attention. Streaming media must provide high-quality events in order to keep target audiences excited.

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Section: Delay and Paying Membermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can signal delay and advertising lead to profit? A study on sporting

Yan-nian

Yim²,

Lu³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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“…Similarly, the study in [Koo14] provided measurements about the magnitudes of delay differences for different TV setups in specific receivers. It was shown that delay differences between different TV broadcasts in a national scenario (in the Netherlands) can accumulate up to almost 5 s, while in an international scenario (between the Netherlands and UK) can accumulate up to 6 s. Likewise, these measurements revealed that analog broadcasts are typically delivered faster than digital broadcasts and that, in general, High Definition (HD) broadcasts are slightly slower than their equivalent Standard Definition (SD) broadcasts.…”

Section: Magnitudes Of Delays and Delay Differences In Real Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike other existing delay measurement systems (e.g., [Jan13a], [Kry13], [Koo14]), the developed method does not require any users' involvement and it is fully integrated into the media framework, in which a full control on all involved components is available. It is not focused on measuring delays on proprietary closed systems ("black boxes").…”

Section: End-to-end Delay Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design, Development and Evaluation of an Adaptive and Standardized RTP/RTCP-Based Idms Solution

Climent¹

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ii Design, Development and Evaluation of an Adaptive and Standardized RTP/RTCP-based IDMS Solutioniii ABSTRACT Nowadays, we are witnessing a transition from physical togetherness towards networked togetherness around media content. Novel forms of shared media experiences are gaining momentum, allowing geographically distributed users to concurrently consume the same media content while socially interacting (e.g., via text, audio or video chat). Relevant use cases are, for example, Social TV, networked games and multi-party conferencing.However, realizing enjoyable shared media services faces many challenges. In particular, a key technological enabler is the concurrent synchronization of the media playout across multiple locations, which is known as Inter-Destination Multimedia Synchronization (IDMS).This PhD thesis presents an inter-operable, adaptive and accurate IDMS solution, based on extending the capabilities of RTP/RTCP standard protocols (RFC 3550). Concretely, two new RTCP messages for IDMS have been defined to carry out the necessary information to achieve IDMS. Such RTCP extensions have been standardized within the IETF, in RFC 7272. In addition, novel standard-compliant Early Event-Driven (EED) RTCP feedback reporting mechanisms have been also designed to enhance the performance in terms of interactivity, flexibility, dynamism and accuracy when performing IDMS.The designed IDMS solution makes use of globally synchronized clocks (e.g., using NTP) and can adopt different (centralized and distributed) architectural schemes to exchange the RTCP messages for IDMS. This allows efficiently providing IDMS in a variety of networked scenarios and applications, with different requirements (e.g., interactivity, scalability, robustness…) and available resources (e.g., bandwidth, latency, multicast support…). Likewise, various monitoring and control algorithms, such as dynamic strategies for selecting the reference timing to synchronize with, and fault tolerance mechanisms, have been added. Moreover, the proposed IDMS solution includes a novel Adaptive Media Playout (AMP) technique, which aims to smoothly adjust the media playout rate, within perceptually tolerable ranges, every time allowable asynchrony thresholds are exceeded.Prototypes of the IDMS solution have been implemented in both a simulation and in real media framework. The evaluation tests prove the consistent behavior and Mario Montagud Climent iv the satisfactory performance of each one of the designed components (e.g., protocols, architectural schemes, master selection policies, adjustment techniques…). Likewise, comparison results between the different developed alternatives for such components are also provided. In general, the obtained results demonstrate the ability of this RTP/RTCP-based IDMS solution to concurrently and independently maintain an overall synchronization status (within allowable limits) in different logical groups of users, while avoiding annoying playout discontinuities and hardly increasing the computational and traffic load. De...

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Synchronising Live Second Screen Applications with TV Broadcasts Through User Feedback

Centieiro

Romão

Dias

et al. 2015

Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2015

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Abstract.A common issue on live sports TV broadcasts happens when a viewer hears a neighbour screaming a goal before watching it on his TV. Similarly, viewers will also have a disruptive experience if a second screen application, designed to present information synchronised with the live TV broadcast, displays information beforehand. This paper presents a simple and universal synchronisation mechanism for second screen mobile applications, which does not rely on automatic content recognition, but rather on user feedback to help users achieve a pleasant and effective second screen experience. Results from user tests helped validate our approach, as users were able to synchronise a mobile application with a simulated live TV broadcast, with different delays.

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Playout delay of TV signals

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Can signal delay and advertising lead to profit? A study on sporting

Can signal delay and advertising lead to profit? A study on sporting

Design, Development and Evaluation of an Adaptive and Standardized RTP/RTCP-Based Idms Solution

Synchronising Live Second Screen Applications with TV Broadcasts Through User Feedback

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