“…The importance of exact statistical-mechanical solutions, even in conditions of onedimensional confinement, cannot be overemphasized [53]. Not only do they represent academically important examples of statistical-mechanical methods at work [10,12,15,16,36,[70][71][72][73][74], but they also provide insights into some of the expected general properties in unconfined geometries, or can be exploited as a benchmark for approximations [2,3,11,14,17,18,21,69,78] or simulation methods [13,46]. Moreover, since one-dimensional systems can be seen as three-dimensional systems confined in a very narrow tube, they find a wide range of applications in physically important situations such as biological ion channels [19], binding of proteins on capillary walls [24], or carbon nanotubes [43,51].…”