Playing with Fire: An Assessment of the EU’s Approach of Constructive Ambiguity on Kosovo’s Blended Conflict

Abstract

This article introduces 'blended conflict' as a novel approach for the understanding of the multi-levelled interconnectedness of factors that lead to, and sustain, complex conflicts. It assesses the impact of the European Union's efforts to manage Kosovo's blended conflict, focusing on the EU-facilitated dialogue and the establishment of the Association/Community of Serb Majority Municipalities. It shows that the EU's tactic of constructive ambiguity has produced short-term results at the state level, but it endangers stability in the long term by exacerbating the situation on the ground. Empirically the study draws on data from repeated fieldtrips and semistructured interviews with EU personnel, governmental, nongovernmental and international actors in Kosovo and Serbia. This article contributes theoretically and empirically to the wider conflict management literature.

Efficiency of the Identity-Sensitive EU Conditionality: A Case of Serbia and the Sanctions Pressuring

“…Assuming the legal independence of Kosovo as an unacceptable "red line" for Serbia, the negotiation framework came up with vague definitions of its parties, and instead the agreement was concluded between Belgrade and Pristina, not state actors or governments. Not only were the subjects of the agreement unclearly stipulated, but the whole document included so many confusing elements that scholars classified it under the category of constructive ambiguity (Kartsonaki 2020). Hence, the effects of the Brussels Agreement can be assessed twofold.…”