“…In PBL, knowledge is actively constructed by the learner; students are therefore not passive (Gregson, Romito, & Garetto, 2010) where they also seek and become active in scrutinizing and constructing knowledge. Furthermore, students face alternative viewpoints by interacting with other students in small groups, thus constructing new modes of learning (N et al, 2013) PBL also offers a great tool for students' self-instruction (Lee et al 2009) as the behavioural theory on self-regulation includes students' self-instruction as well as their responsibility for ongoing monitoring of their own progress (Mahayanti, Suprianti, Utami, & Kusuma, 2020). The social-cognitive process constitutes both self-observation and selfjudgment that allow students to become active in their learning, especially when students are also conscious of their progress.…”