Playing All the Roles: Gender and the Work-Family Balancing Act

Milkie, Melissa A.; Peltola, Pia

doi:10.2307/353763

Cited by 369 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Over the past 25 years, the biggest increase in workforce participation has occurred among mothers with children under the age of three (U.S. Department of Labor, 2004). Dual-earner families with young children may experience a variety of stressors on family relationships and interaction patterns, such as potentially conflicting demands from two careers, as well as heavy demands of caregiving (Belsky, Spanier, & Rovine, 1983;Crouter, Perry-Jenkins, Huston, & McHale, 1987;Menaghan & Parcel, 1990;Milkie & Peltola, 1999;Perry-Jenkin, Repetti, & Crouter, 2000;Story & Repetti, 2006). This study uses a sample of dual-earner families to investigate how family process variables, including the mother-father relationship and mother-father-child interactions in early childhood, relate to later parental language input.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family relationships during infancy and later mother and father vocabulary use with young children

Pancsofar

Vernon–Feagans

Odom

et al. 2008

Early Childhood Research Quarterly

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Very little previous research has considered the contributions of family relationships and interactions on the language input of mothers and fathers to their young children. This study examined the contributions of marital love and conflict, and broader family-level conflict, cohesion, and expressiveness to mother and father vocabulary in triadic interactions with their young children in 70 dual-earner families. It was found that after controlling for parent sensitivity and parent directive behavior, marital love and family conflict when children were 12 months of age were significant predictors of both father vocabulary and mother vocabulary to children at 24 months of age. In families with higher levels of marital love when children were 12 months of age, mothers and fathers used a more diverse vocabulary with their 24 month-old children. In families with lower levels of family conflict when children were 12 months of age, mothers and fathers used a more diverse vocabulary with their 24 month-old children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family relationships during infancy and later mother and father vocabulary use with young children

Pancsofar

Vernon–Feagans

Odom

et al. 2008

Early Childhood Research Quarterly

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show abstract

“…Therefore, they are likely challenged to achieve WFB. Several studies [17,32,33] have argued that women have different notions of the appropriate amount of time to spend at work and for personal time. Other studies have determined that age, career stage and family structure affect the preferred hours for work and family/personal activities [17,34].…”

Section: Marital Status Effect On Wfbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Single and Married Females Have the Same Standard of Work–Family Balance? Case Study of Frontline Employees in Macau

Ha¹,

Ip²,

Lin³

et al. 2018

J Tourism Hospit

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A high-quality work-family balance (WFB) can enhance job satisfaction and superior task performance, as well as reduce absenteeism and turnover rate, thereby enabling organisations to improve the effectiveness and commitment of their employees. This research investigates the features of quality WFB for female employees in a casino hotel in Macau. Many female employees continue to face the double burden of their careers and families. Long working hours, shift duties, demanding customers and stressful environment have become neglected phenomena in the casino business and could lead to an unbalanced WFB. Female employees experience disappointments and frustrations when work prevents them from providing care to their families. Previous studies have determined that male employees have better WFB than female employees. In particular, male employees know how to deal with their emotions, face responsibilities, take action and solve problems. By contrast, females are challenged to achieve WFB.Over the past decades, practitioners in the main hospitality industry have become increasingly interested in the female workforce. The high levels of family responsibility and shift work that females handle may cause them to experience high levels of work-family roles. Compared with male employees, female employees display lower levels of shift work tolerance but report more fatigue and sleepiness whilst working in a risk-exposed environment.This qualitative study involves face-to-face interviews with 30 female casino hotel employees (e.g., dealers, service staff, supervisors and managers) from 8 large major casino hotels. These respondents include single and married female frontline employees. Content analysis is performed to elaborate the female employees' perception of WFB and identify their challenges in achieving such balance. Recommendations are provided for HR practitioners in terms of the appropriate policies and strategies to improve WFB of female casino hotel employees. Therefore, the proper approach will enable casino hotels to retain the best talents and increase the productivity and competitiveness of their organisation.

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“…Researchers often measure the time spent on performing domestic labor and then compare the time that husbands spend to the time that wives spend, representing the concept of equality (Milkie & Peltola, 1999). However, equality research has come under scrutiny in that it does not accurately account for contributions of both parties in heterosexual relationships (Klewer, 2011;Tang & Curran, 2013).…”

Section: Equity Theory and The Division Of Domestic Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to equity theory, when a perception of inequity exists in a relationship, one or both relational partners become uneasy about their experience compared to the other partner (Lively et al, 2010;Milkie & Peltola, 1999;Van Yperen & Buunk, 1990). This uneasiness manifests itself in one of two particular styles: (a) overbenefitedness, "individuals believe they receive a higher amount of rewards for a lower amount of costs", or (b) underbenefitedness, "individuals feel as though they receive fewer rewards with a relatively higher amount of costs" (Dainton & Gross, 2008, p. 181).…”

Section: Equity Theory and The Division Of Domestic Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

“I Just Can’t Clean the Bathroom as Well as You Can!”: Communicating Domestic Labor Task Equity-Resistance and Equity-Restoring Strategies Among Married Individuals

Riforgiate

Boren

2015

Journal of Family Communication

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Playing All the Roles: Gender and the Work-Family Balancing Act

Cited by 369 publications

References 36 publications

Family relationships during infancy and later mother and father vocabulary use with young children

Family relationships during infancy and later mother and father vocabulary use with young children

Do Single and Married Females Have the Same Standard of Work–Family Balance? Case Study of Frontline Employees in Macau

“I Just Can’t Clean the Bathroom as Well as You Can!”: Communicating Domestic Labor Task Equity-Resistance and Equity-Restoring Strategies Among Married Individuals

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