Plausible reasons for the resurgence of Mpox (formerly Monkeypox): an overview

Zebardast, Arghavan; Latifi, Tayebeh; Shafiei-Jandaghi, Nazanin-Zahra; Gholami Barzoki, Mehdi; Shatizadeh Malekshahi, Somayeh

doi:10.1186/s40794-023-00209-6

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…In Mpox, much like VACV, the C9L protein is thought to inhibit the innate immune response of the host, although further exploration is needed to delineate the exact role of the protein. It has been proposed that the Mpox genomes sequenced during the 2022 global outbreak contained the least stable RG4 configuration (i.e., C9L-RG4-5), and variability in the C9L may drive transmission of the virus [18,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequencing, Annotation, and Mutational Profiling of the Novel Clade I Human Mpox Virus, Kamituga Strain

Masirika,

Kumar,

Dutt

et al. 2024

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Human Mpox (formerly monkeypox) infection is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the Mpox virus (MPXV). We describe the complete genome annotation, phylogeny, and mutational profile of a novel, sustained Clade I Mpox outbreak in the city of Kamituga in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methodology: A cross-sectional, observational, cohort study was performed among patients of all ages admitted to the Kamituga Hospital with Mpox infection symptoms between late September 2023 and late January 2024. DNA was isolated from Mpox swabbed lesions and sequenced followed by phylogenetic analysis, genome annotation, and mutational profiling. Results: We describe an ongoing Clade I Mpox outbreak in the city of Kamituga, South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Whole-genome sequencing of the viral RNA samples revealed, on average, 201.5 snps, 28 insertions, 81 deletions, 2 indels, 312.5 total variants, 158.3 amino acid changes, 81.66 intergenic variants, 72.16 synonymous mutations, 106 missense variants, 41.16 frameshift variants, and 3.33 inframe deletions across six samples. By assigning mutations at the proteome level for Kamituga MPXV sequences, we observed that seven proteins, namely, C9L (OPG047), I4L (OPG080), L6R (OPG105), A17L (OPG143), A25R (OPG151), A28L (OPG153), and B21R (OPG210) have emerged as hot spot mutations based on the consensuses inframe deletions, frameshift variants, synonymous variants, and amino acids substitutions. Based on the outcome of the annotation, we found a deletion of the D14L (OPG032) gene in all six samples. Following phylogenetic analysis and whole genome assembly, we determined that this cluster of Mpox infections is genetically distinct from previously reported Clade I outbreaks, and thus propose that the Kamituga Mpox outbreak represents a novel subgroup (subgroup VI) of Clade I MPXV. Conclusions: Here we report the complete viral genome for the ongoing Clade I Mpox Kamituga outbreak for the first time. This outbreak presents a distinct mutational profile from previously sequenced Clade I MPXV oubtreaks, suggesting that this cluster of infections is a novel subgroup (we term this subgroup VI). These findings underscore the need for ongoing vigilance and continued sequencing of novel Mpox threats in endemic regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequencing, Annotation, and Mutational Profiling of the Novel Clade I Human Mpox Virus, Kamituga Strain

Masirika,

Kumar,

Dutt

et al. 2024

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…In early April-May 2022, Mpox cases were detected and described also in countries without direct or immediate epidemiological links to West or Central Africa. Given the emerging epidemiological and clinical features, on 23 June 2022, the "World Health Organization" (WHO) declared Mpox an evolving threat of moderate public health concern [8], and, then, on 23 July 2022, a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" (PHEIC) [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Cisgender and Transgender Women and Non-Binary Individuals Assigned to Female Sex at Birth: A Comprehensive, Critical Global Perspective

Bragazzi,

Woldegerima,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The 2022-2023 Mpox multi-country outbreak, identified in over 110 WHO Member States, revealed a predominant impact on cisgender men, particularly those engaging in sex with men, while less frequently affecting women. This disparity prompted a focused investigation into the gender-specific characteristics of Mpox infections, particularly among women, to address a notable knowledge gap. This review systematically gathers and analyzes scientific literature and case reports concerning Mpox infections in women, covering a broad geographical spectrum including regions such as Buenos Aires, Brazil, Northern California, Colombia, Nigeria, Europe, Vietnam, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States. The analysis delves into various aspects of Mpox in women, including clinical features, epidemiology, psychological impacts, preparedness strategies, and case studies, with particular attention to pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions. Empirical data from multiple studies underscore the unique epidemiological and clinical patterns of Mpox in women. In the United States, a small percentage of Mpox cases were reported among cisgender women, with a notable portion involving non-Hispanic Black or African American, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicities. The primary transmission route was identified as sexual or close intimate contact, with the virus predominantly manifesting on the legs, arms, and genital areas. Further, a study in Spain highlighted significant disparities in diagnosis delays, transmission modes, and clinical manifestations between genders, indicating a different risk profile and disease progression in women. Additionally, a case from Vietnam linked to a new Mpox sublineage in women emphasizes the role of women in the transmission dynamics and the importance of genomic monitoring. This review emphasizes the necessity for inclusive surveillance and research to fully understand Mpox dynamics across diverse population groups, including women. Highlighting gender and sexual orientation in public health responses is crucial for an effective approach to managing the spread and impact of the disease. The findings advocate for a gender-diverse assessment in health services and further research to explore the nuances of Mpox transmission, behavior, and progression among different groups, thereby enhancing the global response to Mpox and similar public health challenges.

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“…In early April-May 2022, Mpox cases were detected and described also in countries without direct or immediate epidemiological links to West or Central Africa. Given the emerging epidemiological and clinical features of the cases, on 23 June 2022, the "World Health Organization" (WHO) declared Mpox an evolving threat of moderate public health concern [10] and then, on 23 July 2022, a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" (PHEIC) [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Cisgender and Transgender Women and Non-Binary Individuals Assigned to the Female Sex at Birth: A Comprehensive, Critical Global Perspective

Bragazzi,

Woldegerima,

et al. 2024

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The 2022–2023 Mpox multi-country outbreak, identified in over 110 WHO Member States, revealed a predominant impact on cisgender men, particularly those engaging in sex with men, while less frequently affecting women. This disparity prompted a focused investigation into the gender-specific characteristics of Mpox infections, particularly among women, to address a notable knowledge gap. This review systematically gathers and analyzes the scientific literature and case reports concerning Mpox infections in women, covering a broad geographical spectrum including regions such as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Nigeria, Europe, Vietnam, and the United States. The analysis delves into various aspects of Mpox in women, including clinical features, epidemiology, psychological impacts, preparedness strategies, and case studies, with particular attention to pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions. Empirical data from multiple studies underscore the unique epidemiological and clinical patterns of Mpox in women. In the United States, a small percentage of Mpox cases were reported among cisgender women, with a notable portion involving non-Hispanic Black or African American, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicities. The primary transmission route was identified as sexual or close intimate contact, with the virus predominantly manifesting on the legs, arms, and genital areas. Further, a study in Spain highlighted significant disparities in diagnosis delays, transmission modes, and clinical manifestations between genders, indicating a different risk profile and disease progression in women. Additionally, a case from Vietnam, linked to a new Mpox sub-lineage in women, emphasized the role of women in the transmission dynamics and the importance of genomic monitoring. This review emphasizes the necessity for inclusive surveillance and research to fully understand Mpox dynamics across diverse population groups, including women. Highlighting gender and sexual orientation in public health responses is crucial for an effective approach to managing the spread and impact of this disease. The findings advocate for a gender-diverse assessment in health services and further research to explore the nuances of Mpox transmission, behavior, and progression among different groups, thereby enhancing the global response to Mpox and similar public health challenges.

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Plausible reasons for the resurgence of Mpox (formerly Monkeypox): an overview

Cited by 7 publications

References 92 publications

Complete Genome Sequencing, Annotation, and Mutational Profiling of the Novel Clade I Human Mpox Virus, Kamituga Strain

Complete Genome Sequencing, Annotation, and Mutational Profiling of the Novel Clade I Human Mpox Virus, Kamituga Strain

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Cisgender and Transgender Women and Non-Binary Individuals Assigned to Female Sex at Birth: A Comprehensive, Critical Global Perspective

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Cisgender and Transgender Women and Non-Binary Individuals Assigned to the Female Sex at Birth: A Comprehensive, Critical Global Perspective

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