Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharides deeply participate in the anti-chronic bronchitis effects of platycodon grandiflorus decoction, a representative of “the lung and intestine are related”

Abstract

Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC. (PG) root is one of the most commonly used medicine-food materials for respiratory discomfort in Asia, usually in the form of a decoction or leaching solution. As everyone knows, both of decoction and leaching solution is a polyphase dispersion system, containing low-molecular-weight water-soluble active ingredients and hydrophilic macromolecules. This study aimed to discuss the synergistic effect of Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide (PGP) and platycodin D (PD) in PG decoction against chronic bronchitis (CB) and the mechanism underlying. A series of PGP, PD, and PGD + PD suspensions were administrated to CB model rats, on the levels of whole animal and in situ intestinal segment with or without mesenteric lymphatic vessels ligation. It exhibited that PGP exhibited synergistic effects with PD, on improving the histopathological abnormity, mucus secretion excess, and immunological imbalance in lung of CB model rat, closely associated with its modulations on the mucosal immunity status in small intestine. The polysaccharide macromolecules in PG decoction or leaching solution should be responsible for the modulation of pulmonary immune state, possibly through the common mucosal immune between small intestine and lung. These results might be a new perspective that illustrates the classical theory of “the lung and intestine are related” in traditional Chinese medicine.

Uncovering the active constituents and mechanisms of Rujin Jiedu powder for ameliorating LPS-induced acute lung injury using network pharmacology and experimental investigations

“…We identified 206 compounds in RJJD, including flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, alkaloids and amino acids. According to the previously reported literature, many compounds in RJJD have antiinflammatory effects or the protective effects on organ injury (Hu et al, 2017;Zhu et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2022). However, the therapeutic effect and mechanism of RJJD against ALI are still unclear.…”

Recuperative herbal formula Jing Si maintains vasculature permeability balance, regulates inflammation and assuages concomitants of “Long-Covid”

“…O. japonicas are known to provide cardioprotection in diabetic conditions and therefore may help in preventing comorbidities associated with COVID-19 [68] . The roots of P. grandiflorus have previously known to provide treatment benefits against bronchitis, asthma, diabetes, and inflammatory disorders [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] . Recent findings show that platycodin D, a triterpenoid saponin abundant in P. grandiflorum , effectively blocks entry of SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting spike glycoprotein cleavage by TMPRSS2 and cathepsin B/L [73] .…”

Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and product application of Platycodon grandiflorum: A review

“…After 15 d of continuous smoking and administration by PD (2 mg/kg, group PD), JGP (75, 150, 300 mg/kg, groups JGP L/M/H ) and PD + JGP (groups PD-JGP L/M/H ) respectively, both the PD group and PD + JGP groups exhibited significant reductions in lung tissue acid mucin secretion, mucin 2 expression, and TNF- α expression compared to the model group. This implies that PD has a therapeutic effect on chronic bronchial inflammation, and the combined effect with JGP is enhanced, suggesting PD + JGP has a synergistic role in chronic bronchitis treatment ( Liu et al, 2022 ).…”