Platinum-Group-Metals (PGM) emitted from automobile catalytic converters and their distribution in roadside soils

Schäfer, Jörg; Puchelt, H.

doi:10.1016/s0375-6742(98)00040-5

Cited by 150 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This result suggests the effect of the topography and the prevailing wind coming from the south-west. As shown in previous studies of grasses or soils, there is an influence of wind direction and wind speed on PGE (Schäfer and Puchelt, 1998) and PAH distribution (Mastral et al, 2003). The maps show that the repartition of Pd and PAHs occur precisely along the road plan.…”

Section: Concentrations and Profiles Of Pge And Pah In Ryegrass Accorsupporting

confidence: 72%

Pollution maps of grass contamination by platinum group elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from road traffic

Dan-Badjo

Rychen

Ducoulombier

2008

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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-The increase in deposition of air pollutants such as the platinum group elements (PGEs) Pt, Pd and Rh, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from vehicles on plants has raised concerns about the risk for the quality of food and, in turn, for human health. Here, we report the first pollution maps of PGEs and PAHs at the agricultural scale. PGEs have recently emerged in ecosystems due to their massive use as catalysts in the automobile industry. PAHs are combustion by-products known for their carcinogenic properties. PAHs and PGEs emitted by vehicles can enter the food chain through deposition on plants growing near roads. Despite many investigations of PAHs and PGEs, knowledge on their spatial distribution near roads is very scarce. Here, we assessed their localization on the scale of an agricultural field close to a road with 7200 vehicles per day. While classical studies usually involve direct measurements of plants growing in the field, we used an alternative experimental approach to allow an unambiguous assessment of the pollution impact. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was first cultivated in pots in a closed greenhouse to isolate the plants from the outdoor atmosphere. Then, ryegrass pots were transferred to the agricultural field. The spatial distribution of PGEs and PAHs was assessed by placing ryegrass pots 0 m, 10 m, 25 m and 50 m from the road. This method thus allowed the measurement of PGE and PAH deposit from vehicle emissions during a known timeframe. After a one-month exposure, the PGE and PAH concentrations in ryegrass samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Our results demonstrate a significant effect of pollution by the outdoor atmosphere for Pd and PAHs. Indeed, the concentrations increased by a factor of 1.5 for Pd and by a factor of 7 for PAHs after one month's exposure in the isolated pasture. The results also demonstrate clearly the impact of road traffic. Indeed, the highest PGE and PAH concentrations were detected in ryegrass exposed at the road site. Pd and PAH concentrations decreased significantly up to 39% and 60%, respectively, from 0 to 50 m away from the road. The pollution maps show that the maximum depositions occur precisely along the road plan. The highest pollution levels of grasses of 23 ng Pd/g grass and 260 ng PAHs/g grass dry weight were recorded between 0 and 10 m on both sides of the road. Pollution maps should thus help to assess more precisely the impact of road traffic on food quality.Pt / Pd / Rh / PAH / ryegrass / spatialization / road emission

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Section: Concentrations and Profiles Of Pge And Pah In Ryegrass Accorsupporting

confidence: 72%

Pollution maps of grass contamination by platinum group elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from road traffic

Dan-Badjo

Rychen

Ducoulombier

2008

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…Platinum concentrations in soils at roadsides (Frankfurt-Mannheim, Germany) were 70 times higher than the original geogenic background values [60]. The background values of Pt, Pd, and Rh (German areas) were estimated to be <1 μg/kg, 0.5 μg/kg, and <0.1 μg/kg, respectively [222]. The accumulation of metals in soils and sediments increases in areas near roads and decreases with increasing distance from the road, and with sampling depth.…”

Section: Soils and Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Quantification of Noble Metals in Biological and Environmental Samples

Balcerzak

2016

Handbook of Trace Analysis

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“…[20]. Pode ser observado ainda que o washcoat do catalisador usado apresenta-se com trincas e sinais de deterioração, indicando que este revestimento pode ser perdido parcialmente durante o uso do catalisador, fato já comprovado por meio de análises de poeiras encontradas em estradas e avenidas com tráfego intenso, que constataram a presença de metais do grupo da platina, normalmente presentes neste material [21], como mostra o EDS das Figuras 2(C) e 2(D).…”

Section: (A) (B)unclassified

Caracterização de catalisadores automotivos novos e usados visando à reciclagem dos metais

Batista

Dutra

2013

Matéria (Rio J.)

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A platina e os metais do grupo da platina (MGP) possuem importantes aplicações em catálise. Os catalisadores automotivos geralmente possuem platina, paládio e ródio, que são úteis na conversão dos gases nocivos produzidos durante a queima do combustível, em gases menos prejudiciais ao meio ambiente. A demanda pela platina e metais do seu grupo, aliada à sua escassez na crosta terrestre e altos valores de mercado, tornam a sua reciclagem fundamental. Neste contexto, uma vez que não existe uma formulação padronizada para a sua fabricação, a caracterização dos catalisadores automotivos é uma etapa primordial para a seleção adequada da rota de reciclagem a ser adotada. Via de regra, os catalisadores monolíticos virgens usados na indústria automotiva possuem em torno de 1,89 g/kg de platina, 0,29 g/kg de paládio, além de 0,10 g/kg de ródio, metais preciosos de altíssimo valor agregado. Neste trabalho foram caracterizadas duas amostras de catalisadores automotivos, uma virgem e outra proveniente de um catalisador usado. A microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura com sistema de microanálise por dispersão de energia, difração e fluorescência de raios-X, além de TG-DTA foram as técnicas analíticas empregadas neste trabalho. Foi observado que os catalisadores são constituídos por uma estrutura na forma de colmeia, constituída de cordierita (Mg 2 Al 4 Si 5 O 18 ), recoberta com uma camada de alumina impregnada com os metais do grupo da platina. No catalisador virgem, detectou-se por fluorescência de raios-X, cerca de 0,99 g/kg de platina, enquanto que no catalisador usado o teor de platina foi de 0,44 g/kg. Na amostra do catalisador exaurido nota-se a deposição de material carbonoso sobre a camada de alumina, além da presença de trincas, que podem levar a perdas dos metais preciosos e queda de atividade do catalisador.Palavras-chave: platina, catalisador, reciclagem. ABSTRACTPlatinum and platinum group metals (PGM) have important applications in catalysis. Automotive catalysts usually present platinum, palladium and rhodium. These metals play an important role in the conversion of toxic gases from fuel burn in gases less hazardous to the environment. The need for platinum and PGM allied to their scarcity in earth crust and elevated prices turn their recycling paramount. The automotive characterization is an important step for the selection of the proper recycling route, once there is no standard formulation for the manufacture of such catalysts. The virgin monolithic catalysts used by the automotive industry usually present around 1.89 g/kg of platinum, 0.29 g/kg of palladium besides 0.10 g/kg of rhodium, all high valued precious metals. In this paper two automobile catalyst samples were characterized: a virgin one, provided by Umicore -Brazil and an used one, bought in the market. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction and fluorescence and termogravimetry coupled with differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) were analyt...

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Platinum-Group-Metals (PGM) emitted from automobile catalytic converters and their distribution in roadside soils

Cited by 150 publications

References 18 publications

Pollution maps of grass contamination by platinum group elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from road traffic

Pollution maps of grass contamination by platinum group elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from road traffic

Quantification of Noble Metals in Biological and Environmental Samples

Caracterização de catalisadores automotivos novos e usados visando à reciclagem dos metais

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