Platinum-free Air Cathode Catalysts for Fuel Cells

Sawai, Keijiro; Uda, Daisaku; Shirai, Keiichi

doi:10.5796/electrochemistry.75.163

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This similarity allows the surface sites of the Au clusters to be occupied by Cu 2+ . In particular, the outer electronic structures of Au 0 and Cu 2+ are 5d 10 6s 1 and 3d 9 , respectively, which match well. So, the adsorption of Cu 2+ on Au clusters is very favorable.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…However, the sluggish electron‐transfer kinetics, high cost, limited reserves, and poor durability of platinum catalysts do not match the increasing demands of applications . Thus, a number of platinum‐free electrocatalysts are tested to try and achieve higher performances . For example, great progress has been made by optimizing the composition, size, shape, as well as the exposed crystallographic planes of potential metallic and semiconductor nanocatalysts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 3,8 ] Thus, a number of platinumfree electrocatalysts are tested to try and achieve higher performances. [8][9][10] For example, great progress has been made by optimizing the composition, size, shape, as well as the exposed crystallographic planes of potential metallic and semiconductor nanocatalysts. [ 9,10 ] But the catalysts usually exhibit worse electrochemical activities than platinum-based materials when metallic or semiconductor nanomaterials are employed alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Au-Edged CuZnSe₂Heterostructured Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance

Luo

Wei

Yang

et al. 2015

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Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials and heterostructured nanocrystals (NCs) are two hot topics in current nanoresearch. However, reports on heterostructured NCs with 2D features are still rare. In this work, we demonstrate a one-pot colloidal chemistry route for synthesizing Au-CuZnSe2 heterostructures with spherical Au domains attached to the edge of a sheet of CuZnSe2 . This protocol involves the preferential formation of Au clusters and the seeded growth of CuZnSe2 sheets because of the lattice matching of CuSe with Au. As an example to demonstrate the importance of such heterostructures, the electrochemical performance of Au-CuZnSe2 heterostructured nanosheets is compared with that of heterostructured nanorods, Au NCs, and CuZnSe2 NCs. The heterostructured nanosheets exhibit the best electrochemical activity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Au-Edged CuZnSe₂Heterostructured Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance

Luo

Wei

Yang

et al. 2015

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“…Although much progress has been made, this noble metal catalyst and its alloy can hardly meet the demands which allow for widespread commercialization of fuel cells because of their sluggish electron‐transfer kinetics,13 high costs, limited supply,14 and poor durability15. Platinum‐free,16–18 non‐noble metal,15, 19–21 and metal‐free3, 4, 22, 23 catalysts have been developed and evaluated to improve the performance and to reduce the costs of ORR electrocatalysts. Consequently, metal‐free catalysts have attracted much interest because of their increased electrocatalytic activity inr the ORR and their better stability, and provide an opportunity to develop a new generation of catalysts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporadic incidence of factor XI deficiency in Holstein cattle

et al. 2008

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BACKGROUND: Factor XI (FXI) is a plasma serine protease involved in the early activation of the blood coagulation cascade. A survey of Holstein cattle, and Czech Simmental cattle crossed with Holstein, was done to determine whether animals heterozygous for FXI deficiency were present. Mutations in exon 12 and in exon 9 were analysed. RESULTS: The method used was based on the polymerase chain reaction and subsequent distinction of the length of fragments. In the panel analysed (279 Holsteins and 30 Simmentals), one heterozygous carrier of the recessive allele in exon 12 (a German Holstein cow) was found. Some authors have found that the frequency is high in some breeding lines and low in others. Evidently the lines in our analysis are part of the group with a low frequency. In exon 9, all the animals (100 Holsteins and 52 Simmentals), were homozygous wild type. To date, the mutation in exon 9 has been found only in Japanese black cattle, and its breed-specific occurrence was therefore not disconfirmed by our assay. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed a low occurrence of F11 mutant alleles. The DNA-based test determines all genotypes regardless of phenotype and FXI activity. This is important as veterinarians need a reliable method. Of course, the testing of numerous sires by molecular methods is not necessary from the breeders' point of view, but in breeding lines where testing is deemed appropriate heterozygous animals could be easily and surely detected.

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“…[4][5][6][7] Oxygen electroreduction represents a critical cathodic process in fuel cells. In the past decades, various cathode catalysts, such as single crystals of noble metals, 8,9 single crystals modified with nonnoble metals, [10][11][12] Pt-free catalysts, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and Pt-based metal alloys, have been tested for oxygen reduction. Of these, Pt alloys (e.g., NiPt, CoPt, FePt, CrPt, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen by FePt Alloy Nanoparticles

et al. 2008

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Fe x Pt100- x nanoparticles of different compositions (x = 63, 58, 54, 42, 15, and 0) were prepared and loaded onto a glassy carbon (GC) electrode where their catalytic activities in the electroreduction of oxygen were examined and compared. Cyclic and rotating disk voltammetric studies of the resulting Fe x Pt100- x /GC electrodes showed that the catalytic activity for oxygen reduction exhibited a peak-shape dependence on the particle composition (x). Among the series of nanocatalysts under study, Fe42Pt58 particles showed the maximum activity for O2 reduction in terms of the reduction overpotential and current density. This was accounted for by the effects of the Fe content on the electronic structures of the Pt active sites and the resulting Pt−O interactions. Kinetic analyses showed that direct four-electron reduction of adsorbed oxygen occurred on these catalyst surfaces. Additionally, the rate constant of O2 reduction increased with increasing Pt content in the alloy particles; yet, at x ≤ 42, the rate constant exhibited only a very small increment. These studies suggest that the Fe42Pt58 particles might represent an optimal composition for oxygen reduction among the series of nanoparticle catalysts under the present study.

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Platinum-free Air Cathode Catalysts for Fuel Cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Au-Edged CuZnSe₂Heterostructured Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance

Au-Edged CuZnSe₂Heterostructured Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance

Sporadic incidence of factor XI deficiency in Holstein cattle

Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen by FePt Alloy Nanoparticles

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Platinum-free Air Cathode Catalysts for Fuel Cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Au-Edged CuZnSe2Heterostructured Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance

Au-Edged CuZnSe2Heterostructured Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance

Sporadic incidence of factor XI deficiency in Holstein cattle

Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen by FePt Alloy Nanoparticles

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Product

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Au-Edged CuZnSe₂Heterostructured Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance

Au-Edged CuZnSe₂Heterostructured Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance