“…Platinum is the most expensive component of PEMFCs, so there is imperative to develop catalysts with increased catalyst activity and, at the same time, reduce the content of expensive platinum through alloying with less expensive metals such as Sn, Mo, Zn, Fe, Co, Au, Bi, Ni, etc. [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”