Platform Molecules

Farmer, Thomas J.; Mascal, Mark

doi:10.1002/9781118714478.ch4

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…Solvents with the potential to be produced from biomass are assigned as such if derived Table 5 A modified version of the conclusion to the survey of solvent selection guides [57] a The ranking of the top ten solvents used by GSK in pilot plant operations in 2005 have been provided in parentheses, excluding water [7] b Usage of solvents of concern and dipolar aprotic solvents as reported in Organic Process Research and Development between 1997 and 2012, presented as the percentage of papers containing reactions performed in each solvent [8]. Data is not available for greener solvents Nitromethane from: bio-methanol (or syngas), bio-ethanol (or bioethylene), bio-acetic acid, bio-1-butanol, bio-isobutanol (or bio-isobutene), and bio-acetone (also applicable as a potential precursor to isopropanol) [75]. These are all highly feasible, drop in bio-based substitutes that fit into the existing solvent production chains.…”

Section: Hazardousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools and techniques for solvent selection: green solvent selection guides

Byrne

Jin

Paggiola

et al. 2016

Sustain Chem Process

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935

698

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Driven by legislation and evolving attitudes towards environmental issues, establishing green solvents for extractions, separations, formulations and reaction chemistry has become an increasingly important area of research. Several general purpose solvent selection guides have now been published with the aim to reduce use of the most hazardous solvents. This review serves the purpose of explaining the role of these guides, highlighting their similarities and differences. How they can be used most effectively to enhance the greenness of chemical processes, particularly in laboratory organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry, is addressed in detail.

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Section: Hazardousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools and techniques for solvent selection: green solvent selection guides

Byrne

Jin

Paggiola

et al. 2016

Sustain Chem Process

Self Cite

935

698

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“…Catalytic processing of biomass-derived compounds has recently attracted much attention due to the possibility of obtaining valuable chemical products from renewable raw materials [1][2][3]. Furfural produced commercially from lignocellulosic biomass is the precursor to a range of furanbased chemicals and solvents such as furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, methyl furan, tetrahydrofuran, furoic acid, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemically synthesized LiAlOx catalyst for aqueous aldol condensation of furfural with acetone

Степанова¹,

Mironenko²,

Belskaya³

et al. 2017

Catalysis for Sustainable Energy

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Abstract:In the present study, the mechanochemical method is proposed for synthesis of LiAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs). This method is eco-friendly and allows obtaining LiAl-LDH under relatively mild conditions (centripetal acceleration of milling bodies 300 m s -2 ) and in a short period of time (15 minutes). The structures of as-prepared LiAl-LDH, LiAl-mixed oxide (calcined LDH) and "activated" LiAl-LDH obtained after rehydration of the corresponding mixed oxide were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The basicity of LiAlO x was measured by temperature-programmed desorption of CO 2 and double isotherm technique. According to data obtained, LiAl-mixed oxide has a significant higher carbon dioxide adsorption capacity compared to MgAlmixed oxides prepared by conventional co-precipitation method. This indicates a large amount of basic surface sites with different strength (strong, medium and weak) for Li-containing systems. The formation of "activated" LiAl-LDH having Brønsted basic sites (OH groups in the interlayer space) provides an increased catalytic activity of LiAlO x in the reaction of aqueous-phase aldol condensation between furfural and acetone.

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“…Esters and ketones tend to score well in solvent selection guides due to their low-toxicity and often facile production from biomass. 6,8,9 However, commonly-used esters and ketones do not possess a combination of low-polarity and high volatility (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…removing all functionality from glucose could yield hexane but this process would have a low atom economy. 6 Chlorination is an option but the same toxicity and end-of-life issues that exist with traditional chlorinated solvents are likely to persist in chlorinated bio-based alternatives. [10][11][12][13] A number of alternatives to traditional VNP solvents have been recently proposed but many have issues of their own.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 As such, replacements for this class of solvent which adhere to the principles of green chemistry are needed. 5 The challenge with the development of non-polar solvents from biomass is that biomass is highly functionalised with electronegative O atoms, 6 which results in high polarity. 7 In contrast, traditional non-polar solvents tend to be either hydrocarbons (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A methodical selection process for the development of ketones and esters as bio-based replacements for traditional hydrocarbon solvents

et al. 2018

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A "top down" approach to the development of sustainable, greener, low-polarity solvents is presented.Methyl butyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, methyl pivalate and pinacolone were identified as potential target solvents from trends in Hansen solubility parameters and known physical properties. Solubility, flammability and physical properties were determined which showed their potential to replace traditional, hazardous, volatile, non-polar solvents such as toluene. Each new candidate then demonstrated their suitability to replace these traditional solvents in solubility tests, despite being esters and ketones, each candidate demonstrated their similarity to traditional volatile non-polar solvents in terms of their solubility properties by their ability to dissolve natural rubber, a particularly low-polarity solute. This was reinforced by their performance in a model Menschutkin reaction and a radical-initiated polymerisation for the production of pressure-sensitive adhesives, where their performance was found to be similar to that of toluene.Importantly, a preliminary toxicity test (Ames test) suggested non-mutagenicity in all candidates. Each of the four candidates can be synthesised via a catalytic route from potentially renewable resources, thus enhancing their green credentials.

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Platform Molecules

Cited by 47 publications

References 191 publications

Tools and techniques for solvent selection: green solvent selection guides

Tools and techniques for solvent selection: green solvent selection guides

Mechanochemically synthesized LiAlOx catalyst for aqueous aldol condensation of furfural with acetone

A methodical selection process for the development of ketones and esters as bio-based replacements for traditional hydrocarbon solvents

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