Platelets’ Role in Dentistry: From Oral Pathology to Regenerative Potential

Bianchi, Serena; Torge, Diana; Rinaldi, Fabiola; Piattelli, M; Bernardi, Sara; Varvara, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10020218

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The major function is to prevent blood loss upon injury. However, recent studies have shown that they play key roles in inflammation, innate immunity, angiogenesis, and metastasis [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Platelets circulate in the bloodstream in an inactive, resting state, but are activated by collagen exposed in the extracellular matrix after a vascular injury or through atherosclerotic plaque rupture [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rac Inhibition Causes Impaired GPVI Signalling in Human Platelets through GPVI Shedding and Reduction in PLCγ2 Phosphorylation

Neagoe

Gardiner

Stegner

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Rac1 is a small Rho GTPase that is activated in platelets upon stimulation with various ligands, including collagen and thrombin, which are ligands for the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) receptor and the protease-activated receptors, respectively. Rac1-deficient murine platelets have impaired lamellipodia formation, aggregation, and reduced PLCγ2 activation, but not phosphorylation. The objective of our study is to investigate the role of Rac1 in GPVI-dependent human platelet activation and downstream signalling. Therefore, we used human platelets stimulated using GPVI agonists (collagen and collagen-related peptide) in the presence of the Rac1-specific inhibitor EHT1864 and analysed platelet activation, aggregation, spreading, protein phosphorylation, and GPVI clustering and shedding. We observed that in human platelets, the inhibition of Rac1 by EHT1864 had no significant effect on GPVI clustering on collagen fibres but decreased the ability of platelets to spread or aggregate in response to GPVI agonists. Additionally, in contrast to what was observed in murine Rac1-deficient platelets, EHT1864 enhanced GPVI shedding in platelets and reduced the phosphorylation levels of PLCγ2 following GPVI activation. In conclusion, Rac1 activity is required for both human and murine platelet activation in response to GPVI-ligands, but Rac1’s mode of action differs between the two species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rac Inhibition Causes Impaired GPVI Signalling in Human Platelets through GPVI Shedding and Reduction in PLCγ2 Phosphorylation

Neagoe

Gardiner

Stegner

et al. 2022

IJMS

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show abstract

“…These cells also present a peripheral band of microtubules and various organelles, such as α-granule, dense granules, peroxisomes, lysosomes, and mitochondria. Moreover, several recent studies have reported that they exert a pivotal role in several processes, from primary hemostasis to innate immunity [ 1 ]. Once released from their megakaryocytic precursors located in bone marrow, platelets enter the bloodstream and circulate for 8 to 10 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once released from their megakaryocytic precursors located in bone marrow, platelets enter the bloodstream and circulate for 8 to 10 days. Despite lacking a nucleus, platelets contain stable messenger RNA transcripts (mRNAs) and the translation machinery for protein synthesis inherited from their cellular precursors [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Platelets Contain, Translate, and Secrete Azurocidin; A Novel Effect on Hemostasis

Aquino-Domínguez

Acevedo-Sánchez

Cruz-Hernández

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Platelets play a significant role in hemostasis and perform essential immune functions, evidenced by the extensive repertoire of antimicrobial molecules. Currently, there is no clear description of the presence of azurocidin in human platelets. Azurocidin is a 37 kDa cationic protein abundant in neutrophils, with microbicidal, opsonizing, and vascular permeability-inducing activity. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize the content, secretion, translation, and functions of azurocidin in platelets. Our results show the presence of azurocidin mRNA and protein in α-granules of platelet and megakaryoblasts, and stimulation with thrombin, ADP, and LPS leads to the secretion of free azurocidin as well as within extracellular vesicles. In addition, platelets can translate azurocidin in a basal or thrombin-induced manner. Finally, we found that the addition of low concentrations of azurocidin prevents platelet aggregation and activation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that platelets contain, secrete, and translate azurocidin, and this protein may have important implications for hemostasis.

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“…In this context, MSCs show extensive proliferative potential, multipotency, tropism and immunosuppressive functions, as has been suggested by several in vitro and in vivo studies [ 12 ]. In addition to regenerating lost alveolar bone, MSCs can also induce the growth of alveolar cementum and periodontal ligament, which involves the complete regeneration of the periodontal complex [ 13 ], a process in which platelets also play a crucial role in haemostasis, immune modulation, and repair mechanisms [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration of periodontal bone defects with mesenchymal stem cells in animal models. Systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the regeneration of periodontal bone defects in animal models. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, and the study was recorded in PROSPERO under reference number CDR42021247462. The PICO question was: is periodontal regeneration (cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone) with MSCs more effective than other techniques? Three groups were considered: Group 1: MSCs alone or mixed with regenerative materials. Group 2: only regenerative materials. Group 3: no regenerative material nor MSCs. The search was conducted using MeSH with a total of 18 articles for qualitative analysis and 5 for quantitative analysis. For the meta-analysis, a modification of the effect size algorithm was developed, which considered a comparison of means between treatments using the Student's t sample distribution. When comparing the effect size between Group 1 and Group 2, the effect size for the new cementum was 2.83 mm with an estimated confidence interval of 95% (CI 95%) between 0.48 and 5.17 mm. When considering the fit to a random-effects model, the combined variance (τ2) was 6.1573 mm, with a standard deviation (SD) of 5.6008 mm and a percentage of total heterogeneity I2 of 92.33% (p < 0.0001). For new bone, the effect size was 0.88 mm, CI 95% − 0.25 to 2.01 mm, τ2 = 1.3108 mm (SD = 1.2021 mm) and I2 = 80.46%, p = 0.0004). With regard to the new periodontal ligament, it was not possible for the meta-analysis to be performed. MSCs have a greater capacity for tissue regeneration in root cementum than in alveolar bone compared to other regenerative materials.

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Platelets’ Role in Dentistry: From Oral Pathology to Regenerative Potential

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Rac Inhibition Causes Impaired GPVI Signalling in Human Platelets through GPVI Shedding and Reduction in PLCγ2 Phosphorylation

Rac Inhibition Causes Impaired GPVI Signalling in Human Platelets through GPVI Shedding and Reduction in PLCγ2 Phosphorylation

Human Platelets Contain, Translate, and Secrete Azurocidin; A Novel Effect on Hemostasis

Regeneration of periodontal bone defects with mesenchymal stem cells in animal models. Systematic review and meta-analysis

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