Platelet–Surface Interaction: Effect of Albumin Coating or Heparin Complexing on Thrombogenic Surfaces

Abstract

Platelet–surface interaction was studied using activated charcoal granules (AC), cellulose nitrate coated, activated charcoal granules (CAC), albumin – cellulose nitrate coated, activated charcoal granules (ACAC), and benzokonium – heparin – cellulose nitrate coated, activated charcoal granules (BHCAC). In studies where blood from dogs was recirculated through shunts, each containing 300 g of one of the above systems, it was found that both AC and CAC lowered the systemic blood platelet levels after 2 h of hemoperfusion. In hemoperfusion across these two systems, there was also an increase in the adhesiveness of platelets. In the case of ACAC and BHCAC, hemoperfusion for 2 h did not result in any significant decrease in the systemic blood platelet levels, nor was there an increase in the adhesiveness of platelets perfused across these two systems. Scanning electron microscopic studies were carried out with the CAC and ACAC systems before and after contact with blood. There was marked platelet and fibrin deposition and entrapment of formed elements of blood in the case of the CAC. In the case of the ACAC there was no platelet adhesion, fibrin deposition, or entrapment of formed elements of blood. This study has led to the use of the ACAC microcapsule artificial kidney in the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure and acute intoxication.

First Design and Clinical Use in Patients of Surface Modified Sorbent Hemoperfusion Based on Artificial Cells for Poisoning, Kidney Failure, Liver Failure and Immunology

“…1.7) (Chang, 1974b). This scanning electron microscopic study supported the finding that albumin-cellulose nitrate-coated activated charcoal, used both in ani mal studies (Chang, 1969(Chang, , 1974b and in patients (Chang and Malave, 1970;Chang 1974b), prevents the depletion of platelets from the blood. Unlike the 50% decrease in platelet level when using unmodified activated charcoal, platelet levels in patients before and after two hours of hemoperfusion using albumin-cellulose nitrated coated activated charcoal artificial cells remained at 91.8 ± 11.8% ( Fig.…”

“…albumin-cellulose nitrate-coated activated charcoal granules did not show fibrin entrapment of formed elements of blood ( Fig. 1.7) (Chang, 1974b). This scanning electron microscopic study supported the finding that albumin-cellulose nitrate-coated activated charcoal, used both in ani mal studies (Chang, 1969(Chang, , 1974b and in patients (Chang and Malave, 1970;Chang 1974b), prevents the depletion of platelets from the blood.…”

Identification of proteins adsorbed to hemodialyser membranes from heparinized plasma

“…Adsorption of albumin to artificial surfaces is known to have a passivating effect on blood response, probably due to a reduction in platelet adhesion [36][37][38]. In Figs 2-7 it can be seen that the control plasma and eluates all contain degraded as well as intact albumin.…”

Impregnated Polyester Arterial Prostheses: Performance and Prospects

“…Easy production and a low experimental thrombogenicity account for its use in impregnating vascular prostheses. 22 Collagen. This protein is widespread throughout the animal kingdom, showing great similitude in all mammals.…”