Platelet Size, Platelet Surface‐Associated IgG, and Reticulated Platelets in Dogs with Immune‐Mediated Thrombocytopenia

Wilkerson, Melinda J.; Shuman, Wilma; Swist, Shannon; Harkin, Kenneth R.; Meinkoth, James H.; Kocan, A. Alan

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2001.tb00423.x

Cited by 70 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thrombocytopenia in dogs infected with B. gibsoni has been reported previously [24][25][26], but the mechanisms were not elucidated. The presence of a platelet-surface associated IgG in experimental B. gibsoni infected dogs at the acute and chronic stages was demonstrated by Wilkerson et al [25]. In our study, natural subclinically infected dogs developed higher levels of anti-platelet IgG than did dogs without infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Incidence of Canine Babesia gibsoni Infection and Subclinical Infection among Tosa dogs in Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Matsuu

Kawabe

Koshida

et al. 2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. To identify the incidence of Babesia gibsoni (B. gibsoni) in Aomori Prefecture, northeastern Japan, dogs with acute B. gibsoni infection were investigated at the Animal Teaching Hospital, Kitasato University, between April 2002 and March 2003. Eighteen dogs with acute B. gibsoni infection were recognized; they were all male dogs of the fighting dog breed Tosa. Their platelet counts were below normal and their packed cell volumes (PCVs) were at various levels. We collected blood samples from 141 Tosa dogs from Aomori Prefecture and used polymerase chain reaction assay to investigate the incidence of subclinical B. gibsoni infection. We also looked into the serological abnormalities associated with thrombocytopenia or anemia in subclinical infection. Forty-one of 87 dogs (47.1%) with histories of dog fighting, and one dog of 54 without a history of dog fighting were positive for B. gibsoni; that is, 42 of 141 dogs (29.8%) showed a positive result. The mean platelet counts of dogs with subclinical infection were significantly lower and levels of anti-platelet IgG were significantly higher than levels for dogs without infection. Anti-erythrocyte membrane IgG levels were significantly higher in dogs with subclinical infections, although mean PCVs were not significantly different. Tosa dogs from Aomori Prefecture, Japan, were highly infected with B. gibsoni subclinically and this pathogen might be successfully transmitted during dog fighting. Dogs with subclinical infections were at risk of chronic thrombocytopenia, which may be due to autoimmune mechanisms. KEY WORDS: anti-erythrocyte membrane IgG, anti-platelet IgG, Babesia gibsoni, Tosa dog.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Incidence of Canine Babesia gibsoni Infection and Subclinical Infection among Tosa dogs in Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Matsuu

Kawabe

Koshida

et al. 2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Whereas the utility of PRPM has been confirmed in dogs with thrombocytopenia [3,4,7,13], PRP is obtained from WB by centrifugation, requiring a relatively large volume of blood and a cumbersome technique. Conversely, WBM is comparatively simple, using a small volume of blood without a centrifuging process.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Whereas PRPM has been used as the sole preparation method of RP specimens in previous surveys [3,4,7,13], the adequacy WBM in flow cytometry analysis of the RP count has been unclear in relation to canine thrombopoiesis diseases. In present study, we compared the RP counts in paired specimens prepared by PRPM and by WBM from canine subjects with/without abnormal platelet counts for the purpose of clarifying the diagnostic applicability of WBM as a proper preparative method for RP specimens used in flow cytometric diagnosis in the dog, and we found that there was a significant correlation between the RP counts measured by each method.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reticulated Platelet Levels in Whole Blood and Platelet-Rich Plasma of Dogs with Various Platelet Counts Measured by Flow Cytometry

Maruyama

Yamagami

Watari

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Reticulated platelets (RP) are young platelets that contain residual RNA, and measurement of RP has been to assess thrombopoiesis. In the present study, flow cytometric counts of RP were compared using paired specimens elicited from dogs with various platelet counts by different RP collection procedures, the whole blood method (WBM) and platelet rich plasma method (PRPM). The flow cytometric counts of RP for the specimens collected by WBM showed good and stable agreement with those taken by PRPM from the same canine subjects. The result revealed that WBM, as well as PRPM, can be used clinically to determine RP levels in dogs with abnormal platelet counts. KEY WORDS: canine, flow cytometry, platelet-rich plasma, reticulated platelets, whole blood.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 71(2): 195-197, 2009 Reticulated platelets (RP) are young platelets that contain residual RNA, and measurement of RP has been to assess thrombopoiesis [2]. RP counting by flow cytometry is often adopted either to assess the marrow function of platelet productivity or to diagnose thrombocytopenic disorders, particularly idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in human [5,6,9].Flow cytometric analysis of RP based on the thiazole orange staining of its RNA is increasingly employed for diagnostic classification of disease. RP measurements have been compared by analyzing the RNA contents of platelet specimens collected either from whole blood (WB) or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) prepared by different methods, which are referred to as whole blood method (WBM) and PRP method (PRPM), respectively [10].Whereas the utility of PRPM has been confirmed in dogs with thrombocytopenia [3,4,7,13], PRP is obtained from WB by centrifugation, requiring a relatively large volume of blood and a cumbersome technique. Conversely, WBM is comparatively simple, using a small volume of blood without a centrifuging process. Smith and Thomas had already tried WBM for dogs with normal platelet counts [11]; however, the adequacy of WBM is still unknown in dogs with abnormal platelet counts.The present study attempted to clarify the availability of WBM for flow cytometric analysis of RP with regard to canine thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis.Nine clinically healthy beagle dogs and an equal number of affected dogs (all affected dogs were selected from clinical cases at the Animal Medical Center of Nihon University or The Veterinary Medical Center of The University of Tokyo) were assigned to the healthy and patients groups, respectively. Each case in the patient group is summarized in Table 1.One milliliter of WB was collected once from each healthy individual with EDTA pretreated vessels. WB was also drawn from patients in the same manner as for healthy dogs with the exception of a chronic hepatitis case, in which blood was collected twice, before and during DIC. Thus, a total of 19 specimens were collected. These EDTA-treated blood samples were also used for measuring platelet counts by automated blood cell counter. Sample preparation was performed within 4 hr of blood collecti...

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“…Dogs sub-clinically infected with B. gibsoni might be anaemic as a result of the host response to the parasite, immune-mediated erythrocyte destruction, or a combination of the host immune-mediated intravascular and extravascular haemolysis 1,6 . Thrombocytopenia with variable leukocyte change is also a common feature of dogs infected with B. gibsoni 4,6,9,34,35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterisation of Babesia gibsoni infection from a Pit-bull terrier pup recently imported into South Africa

Matjila¹,

Penzhorn²,

Leisewitz³

et al. 2007

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia gibsoni was diagnosed in a 3-month-old Pit-bull pup during a routine clinical examination. Diagnosis was confirmed by way of smear examination, PCR, Reverse Line Blot (RLB) and sequence analysis which showed 100% homology with B. gibsoni (Japan AB118032) and Babesia sp. (Oklahoma) (AF205636). Haematology showed moderate anaemia and severe thrombocytopenia. Treatment was initiated with diminazene aceturate (Berenil RTU(R) followed by 2 doses of imidocarb diproprionate (Forray-65(R) 3 days and 14 days later, respectively. Babesia gibsoni DNA was still detectable 2 weeks post-treatment on the PCR/RLB test. A 10-day course of combination drug therapy using atovaquone and azithromycin was initiated. Blood samples taken on Day 1 and Day 40 after completion of treatment were negative for B. gibsoni DNA on PCR/RLB test. The implications of a possible introduction of B. gibsoni into South Africa are discussed

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Platelet Size, Platelet Surface‐Associated IgG, and Reticulated Platelets in Dogs with Immune‐Mediated Thrombocytopenia

Cited by 70 publications

References 28 publications

Incidence of Canine Babesia gibsoni Infection and Subclinical Infection among Tosa dogs in Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Incidence of Canine Babesia gibsoni Infection and Subclinical Infection among Tosa dogs in Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Reticulated Platelet Levels in Whole Blood and Platelet-Rich Plasma of Dogs with Various Platelet Counts Measured by Flow Cytometry

Molecular characterisation of Babesia gibsoni infection from a Pit-bull terrier pup recently imported into South Africa

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