Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): Methodological aspects and clinical applications

Abstract

The clinical use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is based on the increase in the concentration of growth factors and in the secretion of proteins which are able to maximize the healing process at the cellular level. Since PRP is an autologous biologic material, it involves a minimum risk of immune reactions and transmission of infectious and contagious diseases, and it has been widely used for the recovery of musculoskeletal lesions. Despite the great potential for applicability, the implementation of the therapeutic employment of PRP as a clinical alternative has become difficult, due to the lack of studies related to the standardization of the techniques and/or insufficient description of the adopted procedures. Therefore, it is required establish standard criteria to be followed for obtaining a PRP of high quality, as well as a larger number of studies which should establish the proper concentration of platelets for the different clinical conditions. In this context, the purpose of this review is to discuss some methodological aspects used for achieving the PRP, as well as to discuss the bioactive properties of PRP, and to point out its therapeutic use in different fields of regenerative medicine.

Platelet-rich plasma and its derivatives as promising bioactive materials for regenerative medicine: basic principles and concepts underlying recent advances

“…In a previous study [1], we reported that the optimal speed for centrifugation was 2400 rpm (950g) 9 10 min and 3600 rpm (2200g) 9 15 min for the first and second spin, respectively. Importantly, it should be noted that although collecting platelets is faster and more efficient, faster centrifugation speeds beyond an optimum level may over-activate platelets and result in the release and diffusion of growth factors into other fractions [37]. Optimization of these conditions has been considered in automated PRP preparation systems; when choosing manual preparation, individual clinical operators should determine optimal conditions based on the recovery of key growth factors.…”

“…However, if on-site preparation and immediate use of allogeneic PRP is pursued, well-trained operators and clinicians should perform the preparation and quality control of PRP preparations according to guidelines or standardized protocols for both medical and economic reasons. Such protocols are not yet standardized internationally, but individual research groups have recently proposed various standardized protocols for the preparation of autologous PRP [6,28,37]. Additionally, the International Cellular Medical Society has released guidelines for the use of PRP [67].…”

The Cheapest and Easiest Way to Make Platelet-rich Plasma Preparation

“…Merques et al [6] devised a simple method similar to ours. By the way, our method could use PRP preparation in step 1.…”

Terapia celular em úlceras crônicas com implante de células tronco mesenquimais associadas a plasma rico em plaquetas.

“…Os ativadores mais comumente utilizados são a trombina (bovina ou autóloga), colágeno tipo I, cloreto e gluconato de cálcio a 10% (CASTILLO et al, 2010;DELONG;RUSSELL;MAZZOCCA, 2012;MARQUES et al, 2015;SCARANTO, 2002). Em função do tipo e concentração do ativador, o PRP pode adquirir a forma de gel, coágulo ou líquido, sendo este último quando são empregadas pequenas concentrações de sais de cálcio, ou quando o PRP é aplicado sem ser ativado, para que as plaquetas sejam degranuladas mais lentamente e de forma endógena (DELONG; RUSSELL; MAZZOCCA, 2012).…”

“…Apesar da extensa variação metodológica, diante do benefício funcional associado às plaquetas, o PRP tem sido utilizado com sucesso em diversas áreas cirúrgicas com o propósito do reparo tecidual, em especial na regeneração óssea e no controle de feridas crônicas de difícil cicatrização (ANITUA et al, 2008;ANITUA;TROYA;ORIVE, 2013;KAZAKOS et al, 2009;MARQUES et al, 2015;MARX, 2004;YANG et al, 2011).…”