Platelet-rich plasma application in chondrogenesis

Abstract

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an autologous derivative of whole blood, has been recently used in surgical treatment. PRP contains growth factors including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and also bioactive proteins that influence the healing of tendon, ligament, muscle, and bone. This article describes the current clinical applications of PRP in chondrogenesis. This study reviews and evaluates the studies that have been published in the field of chondrogenesis. All aspects of using PRP in chondrogenesis are reviewed.

Efficacy of Intra-articular Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

“…Evidence has shown a reduction in the transactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B, the critical regulator of the inflammatory process. 4 PRP also decreases the expression of inflammatory enzymes cycloxygenase 2 and 4, metalloproteinases, and disintegrins. 11,12 These combined effects of PRP make it a potential injectable option for management of OA.…”

“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] Through the effects of the various growth factors, PRP has been shown to have a positive effect on chondrogenesis and mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. 4 PRP has also been shown to increase anti-inflammatory and decrease proinflammatory mediators (Table 1). Evidence has shown a reduction in the transactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B, the critical regulator of the inflammatory process.…”

“…4 As a result, it has been studied for its efficacy in management of various pathologies including but not limited to OA, lateral epicondylitis, rotator cuff disease, Achilles and patella tendinopathy, hamstring injuries, and degenerative spine disease. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Through the effects of the various growth factors, PRP has been shown to have a positive effect on chondrogenesis and mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.…”

A Prospective Study Comparing Platelet‐Rich Plasma and Local Anesthetic (LA)/Corticosteroid in Intra‐Articular Injection for the Treatment of Lumbar Facet Joint Syndrome

“…Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood derivative that contains high concentrations of activated growth factors and cytokines, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), as well as bioactive proteins that influence the healing of tendon, ligament, muscle, and bone. [16][17][18] These elements act as humoral mediators to induce an anti-inflammatory effect and the natural healing cascade by promoting cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, protein transcription, extracellular matrix regeneration, angiogenesis, and collagen synthesis. [19][20][21] Regarding these excellent biological properties, PRP seems to be one of the most appropriate novel options for the treatment of lumbar facet joint syndrome.…”

Influence of cartilage interstitial fluid on gene expression in cruciate ligament fibroblasts

“…In short, lasting 4 h only stimulation of the synovial membrane, expression of HAS1 was, however, not stimulated by TGFβ1 or IGF1 acting alone, but both factors applied together exerted distinct stimulatory effect suggestive of certain synergism (14,16). Since platelet-rich plasma (PRP), used for the treatment of joint ailments, contains, among others, TGFβ1, IGF1 and bFGF (19), the same factors which are present in CIF, administration of PRP could also stimulate HAS1 expression in crucial ligaments.…”