Platelet Physiology

Frelinger, Andrew L.; Michelson, Alan M.; Gremmel, Thomas

doi:10.1055/s-0035-1564835

Cited by 256 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 168 publications

(204 reference statements)

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“…Hundreds of these molecules have been identified, including adhesive proteins, fibrinolytic and coagulation factors, antimicrobial molecules, cytokines, and growth factors, among others. These last two groups of molecules participate in tissue repair and regeneration processes such as angiogenesis, chemotaxis, migration, or cell proliferation [29]. When platelets are activated, not only these molecules are released but also other elements such as platelet microparticles, which are involved in anti-inflammatory processes, or exosomes.…”

Section: Platelets As a Source Of Bioactive Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, Activation, and Mechanism of Action of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Its Applications for Joint Repair

Sánchez¹,

Beitia²,

Pompei³

et al. 2020

Regenerative Medicine

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Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is a biologic therapy that uses the patient's own blood to obtain products with a higher platelet concentration than in blood. This technology provides a controlled drug delivery system of growth factors suitable for regenerative medicine. The biological effects of PRP mimic and influence biological processes such as inflammation, analgesia, and cell stimulation, providing this therapy with promising therapeutic potential. All these processes participate in maintenance, correct function, and homeostasis of the joint, where all tissues are involved. Alterations in one joint element have impact on the rest, outstanding the cellular and molecular interaction between the cartilage and subchondral bone. Therefore, the joint is an optimal therapeutic target for PRP therapy, which favors biological environment for joint repair. This chapter collects the basic concepts of joint function and the biological processes that participate in its degeneration, the definition and obtention of PRP, as well as its therapeutic potential and clinical translation.

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Section: Platelets As a Source Of Bioactive Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, Activation, and Mechanism of Action of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Its Applications for Joint Repair

Sánchez¹,

Beitia²,

Pompei³

et al. 2020

Regenerative Medicine

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“…Platelets contain dense-granules, α-granules, lysosomes, mitochondria, tubular inclusions, and glycogen-containing glycosomes. 18,19) Dense-granules contain bioactive amines, cations, nucleotides, and phosphates. α-Granules contain a variety of proteins, including growth factors (hepatocyte growth factor, etc.…”

Section: Current Understanding Of Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Platelet Behaviors as Defenders and Guardians: Accumulations in Liver, Lung, and Spleen in Mice

Shibazaki

Otsuka

et al. 2019

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Systemic platelet behaviors in experimental animals are often assessed by infusion of isotope-labeled platelets and measuring them under anesthesia. However, such procedures alter, therefore may not reveal, real-life platelet behaviors. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5HT or serotonin) is present within limited cell-types, including platelets. In our studies, by measuring 5HT as a platelet-marker in non-anesthetized mice, we identified stimulation-and time-dependent accumulations in liver, lung, and/or spleen as important systemic platelet behaviors. For example, intravenous, intraperitoneal, or intragingival injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a cell-wall component of Gram-negative bacteria), interleukin (IL)-1, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced hepatic platelet accumulation (HPA) and platelet translocation into the sinusoidal and perisinusoidal spaces or hepatocytes themselves. These events occurred "within a few hours" of the injection, caused hypoglycemia, and exhibited protective or causal effects on hepatitis. Intravenous injection of larger doses of LPS into normal mice, or intravenous antigen-challenge to sensitized mice, induced pulmonary platelet accumulation (PPA), as well as HPA. These reactions occurred "within a few min" of the LPS injection or antigen challenge and resulted in shock. Intravenous injection of 5HT or a catecholamine induced a rapid PPA "within 6 s." Intravenous LPS injection, within a minute, increased the pulmonary catecholamines that mediate the LPS-induced PPA. Macrophage-depletion from liver and spleen induced "day-scale" splenic platelet accumulation, suggesting the spleen is involved in clearing senescent platelets. These findings indicate the usefulness of 5HT as a marker of platelet behaviors, and provide a basis for a discussion of the roles of platelets as both "defenders" and "guardians."

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“…Platelets, tiny and abundant anucleated blood cells, are at the forefront of hemostasis and pathological thrombus formation. These are dynamic processes that require a coordinated series of events involving platelet membrane receptors, bidirectional intracellular signals, and release of platelet proteins and inflammatory substances [1][2][3].…”

Section: Lta Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%