Platelet Monoamine Oxidase Kinetics, Alcoholism Subtypes and Cigarette Smoking

Čičin‐Šain, Lipa; Matošić, Ana; Mokrović, Gordana; Balija, Melita; Marusic, Srdjan; Jernej, Branimir

doi:10.1159/000115780

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Blood platelets are peripheral model for central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons due to similarities in the structure and function [9]. 5-HT receptors and 5-HT transporters, both expressed in platelets and neurons [10]. Monoamine oxidase isoenzyme B (MAO-B) in platelets has been suggested to have the same amino acid sequence as in brain [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Altered Hormonal Status on Platelet 5-HT and MAO-B Activity in Cigarette Smokers

et al. 2014

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The present study was designed to understand the cigarette smoking-induced alterations in hormones and the resulting changes in platelet serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) activity in chronic smokers. Human male volunteers aged 35 ± 8 years, were divided into two groups, namely controls and smokers (12 ± 2 cigarettes per day for 7-10 years). Results showed that cigarette smoking significantly (p < 0.05) elevated plasma triiodothyronine (T3), cortisol and testosterone levels with significant (p < 0.05) reduction in plasma tryptophan and thyroxin (T4). Moreover, smokers showed reduced platelet 5-HT levels and MAO-B activity. In smokers, plasma cortisol was negatively correlated with tryptophan (r = -0.386), platelet MAO-B (r = -0.264), and 5-HT (r = -0.671), and positively correlated with testosterone (r = 0.428). However, testosterone was negatively correlated with platelet MAO-B (r = -0.315), and 5-HT (r = -.419) in smokers. Further, smokers plasma T3 levels were negatively correlated with platelet MAO-B (r = -0.398), and 5-HT (r = -0.541), whereas T4 levels were positively correlated with platelet MAO-B (r = 0.369), and 5-HT (r = 0.454). In conclusion, our study showed that altered testosterone and cortisol levels may aggravate behavior, mood disturbances and symptoms of depression by decreasing platelet 5-HT and MAO-B activity in smokers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Altered Hormonal Status on Platelet 5-HT and MAO-B Activity in Cigarette Smokers

et al. 2014

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“…Neurobiological bases of alcohol addiction viduals in consideration report no changes of MAO activity in alcoholic patients, others report on such differences 85,86 . One of many explanations is that study populations were not homogeneous, as the authors in most cases did not divide patients into alcoholic subtypes.…”

Section: Platelet Mao-b and Alcohol Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological Bases of Alcohol Addiction

Matošić¹,

Marušić²,

Vidrih³

et al. 2016

ACC

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SUMMARY -Alcohol addiction is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder according to both phenotype and etiology. Difference in phenotype characteristics manifests in the manner the addiction arises, history of the alcoholic and history of drinking, comorbid disorders, and the phenomenon of abstinence difficulties. Concerning the etiology of alcoholism, the disease itself is considered to be a consequence of an interactive influence of the environment and genetic factors. Numerous researches conducted in the last decades discovered many aspects of the biochemical, cell and molecular bases of alcohol addiction, leading to a conclusion that alcoholism is, like many other addictions, a brain disease. By recognizing alcoholism as a disease which basically implies changes of the neurobiological mechanisms, as well as a clear genetic basis, it was supposed that the disease, having its basis solely in the symptomatology, is essentially heterogeneous. By trying to solve the problem of a clinically heterogeneous nature of the disease during the last fifty years, various sub-classifications of such patients have been suggested. According to Cloninger, subtypes of alcoholism differ also according to changes in the brain neurotransmission systems, i.e. it is supposed that patients suffering from alcoholism type 1 have a more pronounced dopaminergic transmission deficit, while dopaminergic transmission is not disturbed significantly in patients diagnosed with alcoholism type 2, who, however, have a significant lack of serotonergic transmission. In such a way, Cloninger actually presented the basis of the so-called neurobiological alcoholism model. Since he has connected differences in neurotransmission with differences in personality characteristics, this model is also known as the psychobiological model of alcoholism. The characteristic of alcoholism type 1 is avoiding damage (Harm Avoidance, HA) decreased dopamine transmission and increased serotonin transmission, while the significant characteristic of alcoholism type 2 is seeking for excitement (Novelty Seeking, NS), unchanged dopamine transmission and decreased serotonin transmission. These neurochemical differences among alcoholism subtypes represent the basis for a different therapy approach. Intake of alcohol changes different gene expression in the human brain. The inheritance model of alcoholism is not fully explained, however, it is considered that the disease is connected to a larger gene number included in neurotransmission, cell mechanisms and general metabolic function, with a simultaneous influence of the environment. The contribution of genetic factors is stronger in certain types of alcoholism and thus we have been confronted in the last years of alcoholism research with studies researching the connections of some alcoholism subtypes with the polymorphism phenomenon in the genes coding the synaptic proteins included in the alcoholism etiology. The primary role of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the brain is catalysis of deamination of the oxidative neurotransmitter a...

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Platelet Monoamine Oxidase Kinetics, Alcoholism Subtypes and Cigarette Smoking

Cited by 2 publications

References 74 publications

Influence of Altered Hormonal Status on Platelet 5-HT and MAO-B Activity in Cigarette Smokers

Influence of Altered Hormonal Status on Platelet 5-HT and MAO-B Activity in Cigarette Smokers

Neurobiological Bases of Alcohol Addiction

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