Platelet MAO and measures of attention and impulsivity in boys with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity

Shekim, Walid O.; Bylund, David B.; Alexson, Joyce; Glaser, Rainer; Jones, Susan B.; Hodges, Kay; Perdue, Sondra T.

doi:10.1016/0165-1781(86)90029-6

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As previously noted, there is decreased MAO-B activity in hyperactive boys (Shekim et al 1986). In that report, the enzyme was reduced to about 40% of the activity in a control population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…This is a particularly attrac tive hypothesis because serotonin defIcits are com monly believed to be associated with impulse disorders in humans (Insel et al 1990;Stein et al 1993). Lowered MAO activity has also been found in both children and adults with impulse disorders (Shekim et al 1986;Klinteberg et al 1992). A recent study has found a de fect in the MAO-A gene in male members of a Dutch family, who have violent impulsive behavior (Brunner et al 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of Gestational Exposure to Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Rats: Preliminary Behavioral and Neurochemical Studies

Whitaker‐Azmitia

Zhang

Clarke

1994

Neuropsychopharmacol

102

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Monoamine neurotransmitters are important in the development of the immature mammalian brain, prior to assuming their role as neurotransmitters. The endogenous levels of these transmitters are highly regulated by the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). Thus, any change in this enzyme should have a profound effect on brain development. In order to test this hypothesis, we treated developing rat pups with the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-Is), dorgyline (MAO-A, 3 mg/kg), and deprenyl (MAO-B, 3 mg/kg) throughout gestation (MAO-I-birth), or throughout gestation and to sacrifice (MAO-I-sac). The animals were analyzed for serotonin and dopamine terminal density, using 3H-paroxetine and 3H-GBR 12935, respectively. Whereas there were no changes in the development of the dopamine system, the serotonin system was severely KEYWORDS: Serotonin; Monoamine oxidase; Monoamine oxidase inhibitors; Deprenyl; Clorgyline; Neurodevelopment; Impulsivity; Hyperactivity; Norrie's disease. affected, particularly in the cortex that showed a significant reduction of innervation at 30 days postnatal. The animals reached all normal development milestones on schedule, and had no changes in measures of anxiety (% light/dark); however, the animals showed increased open field activity and deficits in a passive avoidance paradigm, which may be a measure of impulsivity. The MAO-I-sac animals were severely impaired, showing stereotypic behavior, seizures, and eventually visual impairments. Our results are discussed in terms of relevance to human disease states, such as atypical Norrie's disease, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. As well, our results should be used to caution against the use of MAO-Is in women of child-bearing age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Gestational Exposure to Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Rats: Preliminary Behavioral and Neurochemical Studies

Whitaker‐Azmitia

Zhang

Clarke

1994

Neuropsychopharmacol

102

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“…They further reported that attention difficulties were associated with low MAO activity. Low levels of platelet MAO activity were reported to be associated with attention and impulsivity in boys with ADHD [7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association study between the monoamine oxidase A gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Taiwanese samples

Chen

Huang

et al. 2007

BMC Psychiatry

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Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable disorder of childhood characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Molecular genetic and pharmacological studies suggest the involvement of the dopaminergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) encodes an enzyme that degrades biogenic amines, including neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. In this study we examined a 30 bp promoter variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) and a functional G/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 941 in exon 8 (941G/T) of MAO-A for association with ADHD in a Taiwanese sample of 212 ADHD probands.

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“…Low MAO activity was found predominantly in those patients, who as children had suffered from neurotic symptoms such as shyness, nail biting, eating problems, enuresis and thumb sucking [9]. Rogeness et al [30] found no dif ference in thrombocyte MAO in children with conduct disorder, while Shekim et al [31,32] and Bowden et al [33] found lower activity in children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. Pliszka et al [34], however, such as those from human platelets, contain only MAO-B [1,2], In human platelets, MAO-B is a stable factor in the individual, with only a modest increase after about 40 years of age [3,4], The activity is under strong genetic control as shown in a number of twin studies [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thrombocyte Monoamine Oxidase Activity and Behavior Deviances in Adolescence

Cederblad

Oreland²,

Zachrisson³

1992

Dev Pharmacol Ther

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The frequencies of patients with low thrombocyte monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity (defined as having an activity lower than 1 SD below the mean of a respective control group) were studied in 100 consecutive cases admitted to a clinic for child and youth psychiatry. 41 boys and 26 girls (group I) had behavior disorders, attention deficit disorders and/or alcohol and hashish abuse according to DSM III R. 16 boys and 17 girls had other diagnoses (group II). None of the 2 male patient groups differed significantly from the controls. A significantly higher percentage of the girls in group I had low activity of platelet MAO than in the control group (p = 0.015), while the girls in group II did not differ from the controls. Acting out, antisocial behavior and abuse is less accepted in women than in men. Therefore, the girls in the present study might be either more psychiatrically disturbed or have more deviant personalities than the boys, which might explain why our hypothesis about a lower thrombocyte MAO activity in the adolescents with externalizing symptoms (group I) was verified only in the girls.

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Platelet MAO and measures of attention and impulsivity in boys with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Gestational Exposure to Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Rats: Preliminary Behavioral and Neurochemical Studies

Effects of Gestational Exposure to Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Rats: Preliminary Behavioral and Neurochemical Studies

Association study between the monoamine oxidase A gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Taiwanese samples

Thrombocyte Monoamine Oxidase Activity and Behavior Deviances in Adolescence

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