Platelet-lymphocyte co-culture serves as an ex vivo platform of dynamic heterotypic cross-talk

Abstract

Platelets are well known for their roles in hemostasis and thrombosis, and are increasingly recognized for their abilities to interact with white blood cells during inflammatory diseases, via secreted soluble factors as well as cell–cell contact. This interaction has been investigated in animal models and patient samples and has shown to be implicated in patient outcomes in several diseases. Platelet‐leukocyte co‐cultures are widely used to study platelet‐leukocyte interactions ex vivo. However, there is a paucity with regard to the systematic characterization of cell activation and functional behaviors of platelets and leukocytes in these co‐cultures. Hence we aimed to characterize a model of platelet‐leukocyte co‐culture ex vivo. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and platelets were isolated and co‐cultured for 5 days at 37 °C in the presence or absence of anti‐CD3/CD28 antibodies or PHA. We evaluated PF‐4 secretion and p‐selectin expression in platelets as markers of platelet activation. Lymphocyte activation was assessed by cell proliferation and cell population phenotyping, in addition to platelet‐lymphocyte aggregation. Platelet secretion and p‐selectin expression is maintained throughout the co‐culture, indicating that platelets were viable and reactive over the 5 days. Similarly PBMCs were viable and maintained proliferative capacity. Finally, dynamic heterotypic conjugation between platelets and T lymphocytes was also observed throughout co‐culture (with a peak at days 3 and 4) upon T lymphocyte activation. In conclusion, this in vitro model can successfully mimic the in vivo interaction between platelets and T lymphocytes, and can be used to confirm and/or support in vivo results.