Platelet function and platelet lipid composition in the dyslipoproteinemias

Shastri, Kamini; Carvalho, Angelina C. A.; Lees, Robert S.

doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39797-2

Cited by 98 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Lipids are essential for platelet integrity and play a fundamental role in platelet lifespan and senescence, as well as in platelet shape change, aggregation and vesicle release [ 13 , 20 , 21 ]. Consequently, the platelet lipid profile is likely dynamic, and has been reported to vary in different diseases such as liver disease [ 22 ], hyperlipoproteinemia and dyslipoproteinemias [ 23 , 24 ], primary defects of platelet function [ 25 ] and following dietary supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fat [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet Lipidome Fingerprint: New Assistance to Characterize Platelet Dysfunction in Obesity

Chicanne

Barrachina²,

Durbec³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Obesity is associated with a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state that supports atherosclerosis progression and platelet hyper-reactivity. During the last decade, the platelet lipidome has been considered a treasure trove, as it is a source of biomarkers for preventing and treating different pathologies. The goal of the present study was to determine the lipid profile of platelets from non-diabetic, severely obese patients compared with their age- and sex-matched lean controls. Lipids from washed platelets were isolated and major phospholipids, sphingolipids and neutral lipids were analyzed either by gas chromatography or by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Despite a significant increase in obese patient’s plasma triglycerides, there were no significant differences in the levels of triglycerides in platelets among the two groups. In contrast, total platelet cholesterol was significantly decreased in the obese group. The profiling of phospholipids showed that phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine contents were significantly reduced in platelets from obese patients. On the other hand, no significant differences were found in the sphingomyelin and ceramide levels, although there was also a tendency for reduced levels in the obese group. The outline of the glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid molecular species (fatty-acyl profiles) was similar in the two groups. In summary, these lipidomics data indicate that platelets from obese patients have a unique lipid fingerprint that may guide further studies and provide mechanistic-driven perspectives related to the hyperactivate state of platelets in obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet Lipidome Fingerprint: New Assistance to Characterize Platelet Dysfunction in Obesity

Chicanne

Barrachina²,

Durbec³

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the case of platelets, these effects are more expressed, and their functions, such as platelet aggregation and thromboxane A 2 synthesis, depend considerably on their membrane fluidity and membrane lipid content (cholesterol/phospholipids and unsaturated/saturated fatty acids). 31,32 Platelets can incorporate lipids from the plasma, which can modulate their function. This phenomenon has been demonstrated in a single-blind, crossover, randomized, placebocontrolled clinical trial.…”

Section: Pantethine and Plateletmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment With Pantethine

Horváth

Vécsei

2011

J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med

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The current increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity is a growing burden for society. Consideration must therefore be given to compounds capable of slowing down these pathological processes without significant adverse effects. The natural vitamins pantetheine/pantothenic acid are major precursors of coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein, which are essential for fatty acid oxidation and participate in the metabolism of cholesterol and carbohydrates and in at least 70 other enzymatic processes. Following a number of theoretical considerations and clinical observations, various clinical studies have revealed that they possess significant beneficial effects. In particular, they demonstrate useful moderating effects on vascular pathological processes, lowering lipid levels, and inhibiting platelet functions and lipid peroxidation. Although they are natural, well-tolerated therapeutic agents, few controlled clinical trials have been conducted. The available data suggest the need for larger clinical trials and possible use of pantetheine/pantothenic acid as adjuvant therapy. BiosynthesisPantetheine/pantothenic acid (also called vitamin B 5 ) belong to the vitamin B group. The names originate from the Greek word pantothen (Pantoyen), meaning ''from everywhere,'' because small quantities of pantetheine are found in nearly every form of food, with high amounts in whole-grain cereals, legumes, eggs, and meat. Pantetheine was described first as Lactobacillus bulgaricus growth factor.1 It was later proven that it is essential for eukaryotic cells and also as a precursor of coenzyme A. 2,3 Pantethine is the stable dimeric form of pantetheine; the 2 monomers are linked by a disulfide bond. After the oral or parenteral intake of pantethine, this disulfide bond is cleaved by glutathione reductase in the membranes of the small intestine or the blood. Within most foods, pantetheine is present in the form of coenzyme A or acyl carrier protein. For this vitamin to be absorbed, it must be converted into free pantothenic acid. Within the lumen of the intestine, coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein are first hydrolyzed to 4 0 -phosphopantetheine, which is then dephosphorylated to pantetheine. Pantetheinase, an intestinal enzyme, next hydrolyzes pantetheine to give free pantothenic acid. 4 Free pantothenic acid is absorbed in the intestinal cells via a sodium-dependent active transport system or via passive diffusion. After absorption, 4 0 -phosphopantetheine is reformed by the action of pantothenate kinase, after which ribose and adenine molecules link to it in the mitochondria to create coenzyme A or bind to acyl carrier protein 5 (see Figures 1-4).The enzymatic catabolism of pantethine takes place in the lysosomes of the hepatocytes, where its enzymatic cleavage produces cysteamine (and later taurine) and pantothenic acid.Coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein function as acyl or acetyl carriers. Coenzyme A facilitates the transfer of acetyl groups from pyruvate to oxaloacetate, thereby initiating the Szent-Györgyi...

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Altered platelet deformability in patients with type IIa and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia

et al. 1988

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Platelets from subjects with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) differ from normal platelets in lipid composition and function depending upon the phenotypic classification of the HLP. The present study has evaluated the deformability of platelets from human subjects with type IIa and type IV HLP. Platelets suspended in autologous plasma diluted 30-fold with buffer were aspirated into micropipettes 0.7-0.8 microns in diameter by step-wise increment in tension, and the resulting extension lengths were recorded. Platelets from type IIa subjects could not be aspirated as far into the micropipettes as normal platelets. However, less tension was required to reach maximum cell extension than with normal platelets, and the initial extension lengths and slopes of the stress responses were the same as the control. In contrast, platelets from subjects with type IV HLP showed a generalized increase in deformability. The initial cell extensions aspirated from type IV platelets were longer than normal, and larger maximum cell extensions were achieved at lower tensions than control platelets. The type IV platelets were also mechanically fragile and fragmented at lower tensions than control or type IIa platelets. The variance in platelet deformability between subjects of the same phenotype was not directly correlated to plasma lipid or lipoprotein concentrations. This study confirms alterations in the structural organization of platelets from subjects with type IIa and type IV HLP.

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Platelet function and platelet lipid composition in the dyslipoproteinemias

Cited by 98 publications

References 24 publications

Platelet Lipidome Fingerprint: New Assistance to Characterize Platelet Dysfunction in Obesity

Platelet Lipidome Fingerprint: New Assistance to Characterize Platelet Dysfunction in Obesity

Treatment With Pantethine

Altered platelet deformability in patients with type IIa and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia

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