Platelet-Derived Growth Factor A Chain Is Maternally Encoded in
            <i>Xenopus</i>
            Embryos

Mercola, Mark; Melton, D.A.; Stiles, C D

doi:10.1126/science.3413486

Cited by 131 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies such as these are the focus of this essay. Other more comprehensive reviews of gene expression in preimplantation embryos have recently been published [Mercola and Stiles, 1988;Schultz and Heyner, 19921.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities of growth factors in preimplantation embryos

Adamson

1993

J of Cellular Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of the mammalian preimplantation embryo in vitro occurs more slowly and less successfully compared to development in the uterus. The fact that it can occur at all in a defined protein-free medium suggests that the process is autonomous. Accumulated evidence indicates that a number of peptide growth facto-s contribute in an autocrine fashion to preimplantation development. Other growth factors are maternally derived and act in a paracrine manner on the embryo. Some of these factors such as insulin-related factors stimulate growth preferentially, but others such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) play more important roles in differentiation. Several cytokines appear to be implicated in peri-implantation events and in maternal-fetal interactions. At this stage, the data are mostly descriptive. Are all these different growth factors and receptors necessary for early development? Some implications of apparent redundancy of gene expression are discussed and future studies are predicted.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities of growth factors in preimplantation embryos

Adamson

1993

J of Cellular Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unlike the B-chain gene (12)(13)(14)(15)(16), two different A-chain precursors can be generated from the A-chain gene as a result of alternative splicing events that include or exclude the 69-base-pair (bp) sixth exon of the A-chain gene (17,18). It is suspected that the A and B chains of PDGF are expressed in unique patterns, both spatially and temporally, in wound healing and during development, as well as in various pathologic processes (19)(20)(21)(22). However, there has been little direct morphologic confirmation of the presence of PDGF polypeptide in these processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased platelet-derived growth factor A-chain expression in human uterine smooth muscle cells during the physiologic hypertrophy of pregnancy.

Mendoza

Young

Orkin

et al. 1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been implicated in the cell proliferation and directed cell movement in various physiologic and pathologic processes. To explore the role of PDGF in a reversible physiologic process, adaptation of the uterus to pregnancy, expression of PDGF in tissue sections of human gestational myometrium was demonstrated by immunohistochemical techniques and confirmed by nuclease protection analysis. Commensurate with an increase in immunoreactive PDGF expression in the myometrial smooth muscle cells, increased levels of PDGF A-chain mRNA, but not PDGF B-chain or PDGF B-type receptor transcripts, were seen in the gravid uterus relative to the nongravid uterus. The amount of A-chain transcript increased during gestation and diminished during the puerperium. These observations demonstrate PDGF polypeptide expression in situ and implicate PDGF in a normal physiologic process-uterine expansion during pregnancy.Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a growth factor which is mitogenic and chemotactic for smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts (1-3). PDGF is a dimer of two chains, designated A and B, that acts upon cells by binding to specific cell-surface receptors. All three dimeric isotypes of PDGF, PDGF-AA, -AB, and -BB, have been shown to be biologically active (4-7). The A and B chains of PDGF are the products of separate but related genes. The B chain is the product of the c-sis gene and is located on chromosome 22 (8-10). The homologous A-chain gene is found on chromosome 7 (11). Unlike the B-chain gene (12-16), two different A-chain precursors can be generated from the A-chain gene as a result of alternative splicing events that include or exclude the 69-base-pair (bp) sixth exon of the A-chain gene (17,18 (30 min). Each incubation was followed by a wash with buffered saline and a 15-min incubation with 0.5 M Tris HCl (pH 7.4) supplemented with 1% goat serum. Antibody localization was effected by a 5-min incubation with a freshly prepared solution of0.0006% 3,3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride in 0.1 M Tris HCI (pH 7.4) supplemented with 1% goat serum and 0.0003% hydrogen peroxide. After washing in tap water, the sections were counterstained with hematoxylin.RNA Isolation. Total RNA was prepared by the guanidine isothiocyanate/CsCl method (23). Briefly, the tissue was disrupted in 4 M guanidine isothiocyanate using a tissue homogenizer (Tekmar, Cinncinati) and the lysate was layered onto 5.7 M CsCl. After ultracentrifugation, the RNA pellet was harvested, phenol extracted, and ethanol precipitated. The concentration of RNA was determined from the absorbance at 260 nm. Seven and one-halfmicrograms ofRNA was dissolved in 12 Al [50%o formamide/5% formaldehyde/40 mM morpholinepropane sulfonic acid (Mops)/10 mM sodium acetate/1 mM EDTA, pH 7.0], heated for 15 min at 68°C, and size fractionated by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gels containing 5% formaldehyde in 40 mM Mops/10 mM sodium acetate/1 mM EDTA. Following electrophoresis, the gels were rinsed in distilled water, stain...

show abstract

“…Given the great number of growth factors with potent mesoderm inducing ability, the inappropriate time of expression of the best candidates for a natural mesoderm induction signal, and the number of other agents that can induce mesoderm, it seems premature to conclude that the specific natural mesoderm inducing substance has been discovered. Other candidate growth factors are waiting in the wings; for instance, platelet derived growth factor a is maternally encoded in Xenopus embryos (Mercola et al, 1988), and a dominant negative mutant of the FGF receptor disrupts Xenopus mesoderm formation (Amaya et al, 19911, as does a dominant negative mutation of an activin receptor (Hemmati-Brivanlou and Melton, 1992). Recent experiments also implicate members of the secreted wnt family in dorsal organizing activity.…”

Section: Xenopusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in developmental genetics: Growth factors and morphogens

Erickson

1995

Molecular Reproduction Devel

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor A Chain Is Maternally Encoded in Xenopus Embryos

Cited by 131 publications

References 19 publications

Activities of growth factors in preimplantation embryos

Activities of growth factors in preimplantation embryos

Increased platelet-derived growth factor A-chain expression in human uterine smooth muscle cells during the physiologic hypertrophy of pregnancy.

Recent advances in developmental genetics: Growth factors and morphogens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About