Platelet‐activating factor interaction with the human erythrocyte membrane

Abstract

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a soluble signal messenger present in blood at nanomolar concentration. PAF has a wide spectrum of biological activities and is produced by and effective in different cell types. Owing to its important physiological role, we wanted to characterize membrane intercalation and interaction of PAF-16 (1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) by studying its capacity to induce during short-term incubations at high concentrations cell shape alterations, phosphatidylserine exposure, and hemolysis in human erythrocytes. Our results showed that PAF-16 at micromolar concentrations rapidly (<or=1 min) induces stable but wash-sensitive echinocytosis and hemolysis, but no substantial phosphatidylserine exposure. In conclusion, our study characterizes PAF-16 as a highly membrane partitioning non-permeable molecule accumulating in the outer membrane leaflet. These membrane interacting properties of PAF should, also at physiological concentrations, be important part of its nature as a membrane affector molecule.

Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity in human erythrocytes of multifunctional, magnetic, and luminescent nanocrystalline rare earth fluorides

“…The human RBCs are the model cells in the study of the effect of different chemical substances on the cell membrane structure and function, including nanoparticles (Rothen-Rutishauser et al 2006 ; Šimundić et al 2013 ). The ability of RBC, as a model of non-phagocytic cell, to undergo shape deformation and hemolysis after interaction with natural and synthetic compounds is widely used to estimate the cytotoxicity of chemical compounds in general (Mrówczyńska and Hägerstrand 2009 ; Jasiewicz et al 2014 ).…”

Synthesis, Structural Features, Cytotoxicity, and Magnetic Properties of Colloidal Ferrite Spinel Co1–xNixFe2O4(0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) Nanoparticles

“…However, the exposure of the RBCs to Co 1– x Ni x Fe 2 O 4 may cause their aggregation and potentially create a thrombus 17. Furthermore, nanoparticles may cause changes in the molecular organization of the RBC membrane and increase its permeability, which could cause morphological modifications and hemolysis 17,22–24. Metals and metallic nanoparticles strongly interact with proteins, particularly through sulfhydryl groups.…”

Ligand‐Sensitised LaF3:Eu3+ and SrF2:Eu3+ Nanoparticles and in Vitro Haemocompatiblity Studies

“…The cytotoxic activity of the nanomaterials tested was determined by a standard haemolytic assay, according to Mrówczyńska and Hägerstrand. [47] Briefly, RBC (1.65 × 10 8 cells/mL, Ht = 1.5 %) were incubated in PBS (pH 7.4) supplemented with 10 mM glucose and containing nanomaterials tested in the concentrations range from 10 to 0.01 mg/mL for 1 and 24 h at 37°C in a thermoshaker. The nanomaterial stock solutions (10 and 1 mg/mL in PBS) were sonicated 20 min before use to prepare suitable solutions for the RBC incubation.…”

“…The shapes of RBC were estimated according to the Bessis classification (Bessis et al 1973). [47] To study the possible binding of nanoparticle aggregates to the RBC membrane, cells were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Shortly, the RBC were fixed in 5 % PFA and 0.01 % GA, were washed in PBS (by gentle exchanging the supernatant with PBS) and fixed in 1 % GA for 1 h at RT.…”