Plate tectonics and biogeographical patterns of the Pseudophoxinus (Pisces: Cypriniformes) species complex of central Anatolia, Turkey

Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the highly specialized grade schizothoracine fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) inferred from cytochrome b sequences

“…The average levels of sequence divergence between H. mi-crocephalus and S. pylzovi is 1.85%, corresponding to a divergence rate of 1.68% per million years. The divergence rate is well consistent with 1.64% per million years of European cyprinids that have been widely used in recent studies on freshwater fishes [6,[44][45][46][47] . The major cladogenetic events of the highly pecialized schizothoracine fishes well coincided with the late Cenozoic uplift phases in the Tibetan Plateau.…”

“…For mtDNA protein coding genes of teleostean, studies using a fossil-based or other reliable calibration indeed suggest divergence rates of 0.5%-1.3% per million years [6,8,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] . Substitution rates in cyprinid fishes are usually adopted as 0.76% [6] , 0.66% [42] , 0.91% [10] or standard substitution rate 1.0% per million years [8] .…”

Genetic divergence and phylogenetic independence of Far Eastern species in subfamily Leuciscinae (Pisces: Cyprinidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA analyses

“…However, the previous phylogenetic studies for the Far Eastern Leuciscinae species mainly focused on localized specimens living in the Far East (Kartavtsev et al, 2002;Sakai et al 2002Sakai et al , 2006. In addition, the other comprehensive phylogenetic studies for the Leuciscinae species have lacked the Far Eastern specimens, and have invested much effort to elucidate evolutionary history of Euprope and/or North America (Briolay et al, 1998;Zardoya and Doadrio, 1999;Cunha et al, 2002;Durand et al, 2002;Hrbek et al, 2004).…”

The status and distribution of freshwater biodiversity in the Eastern Mediterranean

“…In Western Anatolia, most genera have close affinities to genera in Greece or to those of the northern Black Sea basin, however there are members of the cyprinid Capoeta present, a genus which is absent from adjacent Europe but widespread all over the Middle East except in the southern Arabian Peninsula (Levin et al 2012). This is also the case in Central Anatolia, where most species belong to genera in common with Europe except the cyprinid genus Pseudophoxinus, which is almost endemic to the Eastern Mediterranean region and has its highest species diversity in Central Anatolia (Hrbek et al 2004, Perea et al 2010. Freshwater fishes of the southern Caucasus belong…”