Plate-boundary deformation associated with the great Sumatra–Andaman earthquake

Subarya, C.; Chlieh, M.; Prawirodirdjo, L.; Avouac, Jean Philippe; Bock, Yehuda; Sieh, Kerry; Meltzner, A. J.; Natawidjaja, D. H.; McCaffrey, Robert J.

doi:10.1038/nature04522

Cited by 404 publications

(392 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The fourth data set is the 13 GPS campaign measurements on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands carried out by survey of India, which is used by Gahalaut et al (2006); Banerjee et al (2007) and Chlieh et al (2007). The fifth data set is the 3-D co-seismic displacements derived from survey mode GPS data in Sumatra by Subarya et al (2006). The last data set is vertical displacements obtained from coral reef measurements and pivot lines of satellite images reported also by Subarya et al (2006) and Meltzner et al (2006).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fifth data set is the 3-D co-seismic displacements derived from survey mode GPS data in Sumatra by Subarya et al (2006). The last data set is vertical displacements obtained from coral reef measurements and pivot lines of satellite images reported also by Subarya et al (2006) and Meltzner et al (2006). Although this sort of data have large uncertainty (tens of centimeter), it can constrain the fault model for its near distance.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our model, we start with fault geometry close to that of Model B of Subarya et al (2006). The dip angle increase linearly from south to north, from *248 at the southernmost bottom patch to *388 at the northernmost bottom patch (star in Fig.…”

Section: Earthquake Rupture Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using campaign mode GPS measurements of co-seismic displacements at 13 sites in the Andaman-Nicobar Islands before and after the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, Gahalaut et al (2006) estimated co-seismic slip under the Andaman and Nicobar Islands as 3.8-7.9 m and 11-15 m, respectively. More co-seismic deformation data were obtained by Subarya et al (2006), including GPS data acquired from the northern Sumatra island, sea floor vertical uplift/subsidence from coral reef measurements, and positions of pivot line from satellite image data around the Simeulue, Nicobar, and Andaman islands. Combined with GPS data of Vigny et al (2005), they attempted two models: one after Ammon et al's (2005) fault geometry and the other approximating a curved fault plane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among all the studies, Subarya et al (2006) have ensembled the most complete geodetic dataset. Nevertheless, a more accurate slip model could be obtained if the following ingredients are incorporated in one model: (a) more data, from near to far field, (b) a layered spherical instead of flat half space Earth model for deformation modeling, and (c) more exploration of the parameter space in fault geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-seismic fault geometry and slip distribution of the 26 December 2004, giant Sumatra–Andaman earthquake constrained by GPS, coral reef, and remote sensing data

et al. 2015

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We analyze co-seismic displacement field of the 26 December 2004, giant Sumatra-Andaman earthquake derived from Global Position System observations, geological vertical measurement of coral head, and pivot line observed through remote sensing. Using the co-seismic displacement field and AK135 spherical layered Earth model, we invert co-seismic slip distribution along the seismic fault. We also search the best fault geometry model to fit the observed data. Assuming that the dip angle linearly increases in downward direction, the postfit residual variation of the inversed geometry model with dip angles linearly changing along fault strike are plotted. The geometry model with local minimum misfits is the one with dip angle linearly increasing along strike from 4.3 o in top southernmost patch to 4.5 o in top northernmost path and dip angle linearly increased. By using the fault shape and geodetic co-seismic data, we estimate the slip distribution on the curved fault. Our result shows that the earthquake ruptured *200-km width down to a depth of about 60 km. 0.5-12.5 m of thrust slip is resolved with the largest slip centered around the central section of the rupture zone 78N-108N in latitude. The estimated seismic moment is 8.2 9 10 22 N m, which is larger than estimation from the centroid moment magnitude (4.0 9 10 22 N m), and smaller than estimation from normal-mode oscillation data modeling (1.0 9 10 23 N m).

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Earthquake Rupture Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-seismic fault geometry and slip distribution of the 26 December 2004, giant Sumatra–Andaman earthquake constrained by GPS, coral reef, and remote sensing data

et al. 2015

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Near‐field tsunami models with rapid earthquake source inversions from land‐ and ocean‐based observations: The potential for forecast and warning

Melgar

Bock

2013

JGR Solid Earth

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[1] Computation of tsunami models in the region adjacent to large earthquakes immediately after rupture initiation remains a challenging problem. Limitations of traditional seismological instrumentation in the near field and concern by tsunami modelers regarding the nonuniqueness of source inversions and the use of indirect observations have in the past been hurdles for such efforts. Employing near-field data from the Mw 9.0 2011 Tohoku-oki data, we test source models obtained from newly developed algorithms and multisensor data. We demonstrate the ability of such source models determined from land-based coseismic data from the combination of GPS and strong-motion sensors to forecast near-source tsunamis. We also demonstrate that rapid ingestion of offshore shallow water (100-1000 m) wave gauge data substantially improves the earthquake source and tsunami forecast. To assess the success of such tsunami models, we rely on detailed comparisons to 2000+ tsunami survey measurements collected after the event. We argue that deployments of shallow water wave gauges coupled with land-based geophysical sensors can, in the future, provide enough information to issue timely and accurate forecasts of tsunami intensity immediately or shortly after rupture initiation of large earthquakes.Citation: Melgar, D., and Y. Bock (2013), Near-field tsunami models with rapid earthquake source inversions from landand ocean-based observations: The potential for forecast and warning,

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The West Andaman Fault: A complex strain‐partitioning boundary at the seaward edge of the Aceh Basin, offshore Sumatra

et al. 2014

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Along the Sumatran subduction zone, oblique strain is partitioned between the Sunda megathrust and the strike-slip Sumatran Fault located near the volcanic arc. Additional strike-slip motion may localize adjacent to the forearc basin system, forming the Mentawai and West Andaman Fault Zones. An alternative interpretation of the West Andaman Fault, as primarily a backthrust, has also been proposed. We combine a 2-D multichannel seismic survey (SUMUT) acquired aboard the R/V Sonne in 2008 with previous bathymetry and seismic surveys to characterize the West Andaman Fault adjacent to the Aceh forearc Basin. Two-dimensional Kirchoff prestack time migration of SUMUT profiles provides the clearest images to date of this portion of the West Andaman Fault. In these images we interpret inward dipping fault segments along the West Andaman Fault indicative of a transpressional flower structure. A reflector at the base of the Aceh Basin sediments (believed to be base Neogene in age) continues trenchward of the fault zone for >15 km and has geometry inconsistent with the geometry expected if a major backthrust were to daylight at the edge of the basin. Therefore, we conclude that the West Andaman Fault is predominantly strike-slip in nature. As such, the West Andaman is likely part of a system of faults including the Sumatran Fault that accommodate the significant shear component of strain in this oblique subduction zone. Additionally, the location of the West Andaman Fault within the forearc may be controlled by the rheologic contrast between the marginal plateau and the forearc basin.

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Plate-boundary deformation associated with the great Sumatra–Andaman earthquake

Cited by 404 publications

References 36 publications

Co-seismic fault geometry and slip distribution of the 26 December 2004, giant Sumatra–Andaman earthquake constrained by GPS, coral reef, and remote sensing data

Co-seismic fault geometry and slip distribution of the 26 December 2004, giant Sumatra–Andaman earthquake constrained by GPS, coral reef, and remote sensing data

Near‐field tsunami models with rapid earthquake source inversions from land‐ and ocean‐based observations: The potential for forecast and warning

The West Andaman Fault: A complex strain‐partitioning boundary at the seaward edge of the Aceh Basin, offshore Sumatra

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