Plastid Metabolic Pathways

Tetlow, Ian J.; Rawsthorne, Stephen; Raines, Christine A.; Emes, Michael J.

doi:10.1002/9781119312994.apr0123

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 316 publications

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“…Chloroplasts (cps) have important functions related to some essential metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis and glycometabolism [5, 6]. In plants, the DNA-replication mechanism associated with the cp genome is independent of the nuclear DNA-replication mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome of Acer truncatum Bunge (Sapindales: Aceraceae): A New Woody Oil Tree Species Producing Nervonic Acid

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Acer truncatum, which is a new woody oil tree species, is an important ornamental and medicinal plant in China. To assess the genetic diversity and relationships of A. truncatum, we analyzed its complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence. The A. truncatum cp genome comprises 156,492 bp, with the large single-copy, small single-copy, and inverted repeat (IR) regions consisting of 86,010, 18,050, and 26,216 bp, respectively. The A. truncatum cp genome contains 112 unique functional genes (i.e., 4 rRNA, 30 tRNA, and 78 protein-coding genes) as well as 78 simple sequence repeats, 9 forward repeats, 1 reverse repeat, 5 palindromic repeats, and 7 tandem repeats. We analyzed the expansion/contraction of the IR regions in the cp genomes of six Acer species. A comparison of these cp genomes indicated the noncoding regions were more diverse than the coding regions. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. truncatum is closely related to A. miaotaiense. Moreover, a novel ycf4-cemA indel marker was developed for distinguishing several Acer species (i.e., A. buergerianum, A. truncatum, A. henryi, A. negundo, A. ginnala, and A. tonkinense). The results of the current study provide valuable information for future evolutionary studies and the molecular barcoding of Acer species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome of Acer truncatum Bunge (Sapindales: Aceraceae): A New Woody Oil Tree Species Producing Nervonic Acid

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…Mitochondria, alpha-proteobacterial endosymbionts of eukaryotes (Gruber 2019; Oborník 2019), represent an energetic hub, where balancing of catabolic and anabolic processes takes place tightly regulated with the speed of respiration (e.g., Searcy 2003; Pagliarini and Rutter 2013; Gray 2015). In plastids, domesticated cyanobacteria (Gruber 2019; Oborník 2019), inorganic carbon is fixed into sugars and several essential compounds are synthesized, such as fatty acids, isoprenoid units, tetrapyrroles, and amino acids (e.g., Tetlow et al. 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcellular Compartments Interplay for Carbon and Nitrogen Allocation in Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis

Füssy

Faitová

Oborník

2019

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Endosymbioses necessitate functional cooperation of cellular compartments to avoid pathway redundancy and streamline the control of biological processes. To gain insight into the metabolic compartmentation in chromerids, phototrophic relatives to apicomplexan parasites, we prepared a reference set of proteins probably localized to mitochondria, cytosol, and the plastid, taking advantage of available genomic and transcriptomic data. Training of prediction algorithms with the reference set now allows a genome-wide analysis of protein localization in Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis. We confirm that the chromerid plastids house enzymatic pathways needed for their maintenance and photosynthetic activity, but for carbon and nitrogen allocation, metabolite exchange is necessary with the cytosol and mitochondria. This indeed suggests that the regulatory mechanisms operate in the cytosol to control carbon metabolism based on the availability of both light and nutrients. We discuss that this arrangement is largely shared with apicomplexans and dinoflagellates, possibly stemming from a common ancestral metabolic architecture, and supports the mixotrophy of the chromerid algae.

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Plastid division coordination across a double‐membraned structure

Maple

Møller

2007

FEBS Letters

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Chloroplasts still retain components of the bacterial cell division machinery and research over the past decade has led to an understanding of how these stromal division proteins assemble and function as a complex chloroplast division machinery. However, during evolution plant chloroplasts have acquired a number of cytosolic division proteins, indicating that unlike the cyanobacterial ancestors of plastids, chloroplast division in higher plants require a second division machinery located on the chloroplast outer envelope membrane. Here we review the current understanding of the stromal and cytosolic plastid division machineries and speculate how two protein machineries coordinate their activities across a double-membraned structure.

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Plastid Metabolic Pathways

Abstract: The sections in this article areIntroductionCarbon AssimilationPhotorespirationNitrogen Assimilation and Amino Acid BiosynthesisSynthesis of Fatty AcidsStarch MetabolismGlycolysisThe Oxidative Pentose–Phosphate PathwayPlastid Metabolite Transport SystemsConclusion

Cited by 4 publications

References 316 publications

Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome of Acer truncatum Bunge (Sapindales: Aceraceae): A New Woody Oil Tree Species Producing Nervonic Acid

Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome of Acer truncatum Bunge (Sapindales: Aceraceae): A New Woody Oil Tree Species Producing Nervonic Acid

Subcellular Compartments Interplay for Carbon and Nitrogen Allocation in Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis

Plastid division coordination across a double‐membraned structure

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