Plastics to fuel: a review

Kunwar, Bidhya; Cheng, H. N.; Chandrashekaran, Sriram R.; Sharma, Brajendra K.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.015

Cited by 511 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Over 60% of post-consumer plastics ends up in waste landfills or is incinerated, representing a waste of resource [1]. Thermal recycling via pyrolysis and gasification of waste plastics, into fuels and chemical products has been identified as a promising technology for tackling waste issues related to plastics [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes from real-world waste plastics: Influence of catalyst composition and operational parameters

Yao

Zhang

Williams

et al. 2018

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

244

134

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A B S T R A C TThe use of Ni-Fe catalysts for the catalytic pyrolysis of real-world waste plastics to produce hydrogen and high value carbon nanotubes (CNT), and the influence of catalyst composition and support materials has been investigated. Experiments were conducted in a two stage fixed bed reactor, where plastics were pyrolysed in the first stage followed by reaction of the evolved volatiles over the catalyst in the second stage. Different catalyst temperatures (700, 800, 900°C) and steam to plastic ratios (0, 0.3, 1, 2.6) were explored to optimize the product hydrogen and the yield of carbon nanotubes deposited on the catalyst. The results showed that the growth of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen were highly dependent on the catalyst type and the operational parameters. Fe/ γ-Al 2 O 3 produced the highest hydrogen yield (22.9 mmol H 2 /g plastic ) and carbon nanotubes yield (195 mg g −1 plastic ) among the monometallic catalysts, followed by Fe/α-Al 2 O 3 , Ni/γ-Al 2 O 3 and Ni/α-Al 2 O 3 . The bimetallic Ni-Fe catalyst showed higher catalytic activity in relation to H 2 yield than the monometallic Ni or Fe catalysts because of the optimum interaction between metal and support. Further investigation of the influence of steam input and catalyst temperature on product yields found that the optimum simultaneous production of CNTs (287 mg g −1 plastic ) and hydrogen production (31.8 mmol H 2 /g plastic ) were obtained at 800°C in the absence of steam and in the presence of the bimetallic Ni-Fe/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes from real-world waste plastics: Influence of catalyst composition and operational parameters

Yao

Zhang

Williams

et al. 2018

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

244

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Hydrocracking, thermochemical, and catalytic conversion are the most widely used methods for fuel production from plastics. Among them, thermochemical conversion or pyrolysis treatment seems to be the dominant mode used [14]. Thermochemical treatment, breaks large polymers into smaller hydrocarbons of various carbon numbers and boiling points in an inert, air-free, or controlled environment at elevated temperature.…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activated carbon is also widely used and can be loaded with or without transition metals. The life of a catalyst can be increased by using a two-step process that involves thermal cracking followed by catalytic cracking [14].…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Pyrolysis of Hospital Plastic Waste

Mahmud¹

2018

IJRASET

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Plastic plays an important role in our daily lives due to its versatility, light weight and low production cost. The amount of plastic waste is growing every year and with that comes an environmental concern regarding this problem. Pyrolysis as a tertiary recycling process is presented as a solution. In this work, the pyrolysis of hospital plastic waste products was investigated using thermal non catalytic cracking techniques. The experimental work was carried out using a pyrolysis reactor operating under an inert atmosphere at 450°C. Results indicated that the waste plastic is able to give the yield of liquid product by using a pyrolysis reactor. The obtained product was fuel liked liquid heavy oil which was viscous and had a yellow color. The fuel properties of the diesel-range distillate (diesel fraction) were comparable to other conventional fuel and found its calorific value was 31 MJ/kg.

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“…Further it was explored in a study that open dumping of municipal solid waste poses environmental hazards through the transfer of heavy metals to the soil which adversely affect our vegetation [6]. Another problem was identified associated with disposal of plastic waste into oceans which results in formation of soap and garbage patch like the great Pacific garbage patch posing risk to health of aquatic animals [7]. Moreover, incineration of plastic waste may lead to environmental pollution through the toxic emissions [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limitations on recycling method and ever-increasing load on plastic waste has created a need for the development of alternative technologies to solve the problems associated with disposal. Greater interest was observed on the conversion of waste plastic into value added chemicals and fuel products in a range of published papers on conventional as well as microwave assisted pyrolysis [3], [7], [9][10][11][12]. The conventional method also known as traditional method converts waste into fuel products through thermal or catalytic pyrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave assisted pyrolysis of plastic waste for production of fuels: a review

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This paper presents an overview of advantages of microwave assisted pyrolysis of waste plastics together with its limitations. It has been established that microwave induced pyrolysis can be used to get value added chemicals and fuels through its numerous noted advantages in contrast to conventional pyrolysis. The process has the potential for fast, volumetric and selective heating of plastics for the recovery of energy. The limitation in the use of dielectric material as absorbent in plastic pyrolysis has been highlighted. Special focus has been given to the constraints encountered in the accurate measurement of temperature and uniform heating in microwave assisted pyrolysis. A new alternative method based on microwave-metal interaction in the pyrolysis of plastic waste has been presented. Further it has been realized that proper investigation and understanding of microwave process shortcomings is fundamental to the successful implementation of the technology and at the same time provide a sustainable environment in the endeavor for waste to energy mission.

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Plastics to fuel: a review

Cited by 511 publications

References 72 publications

Co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes from real-world waste plastics: Influence of catalyst composition and operational parameters

Co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes from real-world waste plastics: Influence of catalyst composition and operational parameters

Thermal Pyrolysis of Hospital Plastic Waste

Microwave assisted pyrolysis of plastic waste for production of fuels: a review

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