Plasticizers in blood--real or artifactual?

Maxwell, Theresa A.; Milne, G. W. A.; Fales, Henry M.; Law, Natalie

doi:10.1289/ehp.7303139

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Common solvent contaminants are acetaldehyde, formaldehyde [31] and phthalate esters [32]. Ethanol, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and diethyl ether are often contaminated with these compounds.…”

Section: Solvent Impuritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Derived Artifacts in Natural Products Chemistry

Maltese

Kooy

Verpoorte

2009

Natural Product Communications

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Solvents play an important and critical role in natural product chemistry. They are mainly used during the extraction and purification of metabolites from a biological matrix. To a lesser extent, solvents are also used as reagents or catalysts to perform chemical reactions. This review focuses on the most important classes of solvents, including alcohols, halogen-containing solvents, esters, ethers, acids and bases. The chemical reactions associated with the use of these solvents to form the so-called "artifacts" are discussed and the most common contaminants found in these solvents are also reviewed. The formation of artifacts and the use of contaminated solvents mainly leads to the formation of new compounds, loss of activity of active compounds, formation of active compounds from inactive ones (false positives), loss in total yield of important compounds during isolation, formation of toxic compounds and difficulty in reproducing an extraction or purification method. Finally, the need for stability studies of purified natural products is emphasized, as this is a common overlooked aspect in natural product chemistry.

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Section: Solvent Impuritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Derived Artifacts in Natural Products Chemistry

Maltese

Kooy

Verpoorte

2009

Natural Product Communications

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“…Other investigators (10) made similar observations. The described analytical procedure avoids the use of phase-separating filter paper which has been found to contain phthalates (10). Even when all of these precautions were taken, blanks still contained approximately 0.2 mg %.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLC analysis of bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Plasticizer in Tissue and Plasma

Roll

Douglas

Petersen

1974

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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PVC as pharmaceutical packaging material

Dooren¹

1991

Pharmaceutisch Weekblad Scientific Edition

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In this report the state of the art with respect to PVC as pharmaceutical packaging material is described. A general introduction into the applications of PVC is followed by a description of its production process. The metabolic effects of the monomer of PVC, vinyl chloride and of the most commonly used plasticizer diethylhexylphthalate are mentioned. Special attention is given to the pharmaceutical properties of plasticized PVC bags in comparison to other plastics and the environmental aspects of waste PVC disposal. Although there are emotional and political queries regarding the future use of PVC as a (pharmaceutical) packaging material, we conclude that there is no scientific justification for a total or partial ban of PVC. PVC will remain a fact of life as a cheap, versatile, high-performance and well-investigated plastic material for medical and pharmaceutical applications, to be replaced by newer plastics only for certain well-defined indications where the requirements of the plastic to be used are so specific that it will economically and technically be justified to use another polymer. Community and hospital pharmacists have to be prepared for a role in intake of waste plastic disposables, probably against deposit money, in order to fulfil the logistics needed for recycling.

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Plasticizers in blood--real or artifactual?

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Solvent Derived Artifacts in Natural Products Chemistry

Solvent Derived Artifacts in Natural Products Chemistry

GLC analysis of bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Plasticizer in Tissue and Plasma

PVC as pharmaceutical packaging material

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