Plasticizers for rubbers and resins

Stickney, P. B.; Cheyney, LaVerne E.

doi:10.1002/pol.1948.120030210

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Plasticizers (28)(29)(30)(31) are added to polymeric substances for a variety of reasons, but they are especially necessary adjuncts to most polymeric films in order to reduce brittlcncss, improve flow, impart flexibility, and increase toughness, strcngth, tear resistance, and the impact resistance of the film coating. The mechanism by which the plasticizer achieves these changes is theorized to be amdecrease in the curnulative intermolecular forces along the polymer chains osition and drying.…”

Section: Plasticization--amentioning

confidence: 99%

Film Coating Theory and Practice

Banker

1966

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

329

149

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Section: Plasticization--amentioning

confidence: 99%

Film Coating Theory and Practice

Banker

1966

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

329

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…A plasticization theory was developed in the 40’s and 50’s of the last century and the mechanism of plasticization has been explained in several approaches: Gel theory [ 10 , 11 , 12 ] stating that a plasticizer reduces interaction between chains of a polymer three-dimensional network. Lubricity theory [ 13 ] stating that plasticizer molecules act as a lubricant between polymer chains and enable them to slip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gel theory [ 10 , 11 , 12 ] stating that a plasticizer reduces interaction between chains of a polymer three-dimensional network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Attempts in the Design of Efficient PVC Plasticizers with Reduced Migration

2021

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This paper reviews the current trends in replacing commonly used plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, formulations by new compounds with reduced migration, leading to the enhancement in mechanical properties and better plasticizing efficiency. Novel plasticizers have been divided into three groups depending on the replacement strategy, i.e., total replacement, partial replacement, and internal plasticizers. Chemical and physical properties of PVC formulations containing a wide range of plasticizers have been compared, allowing observance of the improvements in polymer performance in comparison to PVC plasticized with conventionally applied bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate and di-n-octyl terephthalate. Among a variety of newly developed plasticizers, we have indicated those presenting excellent migration resistance and advantageous mechanical properties, as well as those derived from natural sources. A separate chapter has been dedicated to the description of a synergistic effect of a mixture of two plasticizers, primary and secondary, that benefits in migration suppression when secondary plasticizer is added to PVC blend.

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“…The difference in the glass transition temperature depression of plasticized cellulose acetates may be caused by the interactions-hydrogen bonds and dipole-dipole interactions-between the plasticizer and cellulose acetate itself. Stickney et al determined that the plasticization was very complex and depended on a variety of criteria [34], e.g., the amount, type, and accessibility of the functional groups in the plasticizer and the polymer chain. Cellulose acetate contains a The raw cellulose acetate powder showed a high glass transition temperature near to its melting temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Properties of Plasticized Cellulose Acetate and Its β-Relaxation Phenomenon

2021

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Cellulose acetate (CA), an organic ester, is a biobased polymer which exhibits good mechanical properties (e.g., high Young’s modulus and tensile strength). In recent decades, there has been significant work done to verify the thermal and thermomechanical behaviors of raw and plasticized cellulose acetate. In this study, the thermomechanical properties of plasticized cellulose acetate—especially its ββ-relaxation and activation energy—were investigated. The general thermal behavior was analyzed and compared with theoretical models. The study’s findings could be of special interest, due to the known ββ-relaxation dependency of some polymers regarding mechanical properties—which could also be the case for cellulose acetate. However, this would require further investigation. The concentration of the plasticizers—glycerol triacetate (GTA) and triethyl citrate (TEC)—used in CA ranged from 15 to 40 wt%. DMTA measurements at varying frequencies were performed, and the activation energies of each relaxation were assessed. Increasing plasticizer content first led to a shift in ββ-relaxation temperature to highervalues, then reached a maximum before declining again at higher concentrations. Furthermore, the activation energy of the ββ-relaxation constantly rose with increases in plasticizer content. The trend in the ββ-relaxation temperature of the plasticized CA could be interpreted as a change in the predominant phase of the overlapping ββ-relaxation of the CA itself and the αα′-relaxation of the plasticizer—which appears in the same temperature range. The plasticizer used (GTA) demonstrated a higher plasticization efficiency than TEC. The efficiencies of both plasticizers declined with increasing plasticizer content. Additionally, both plasticizers hit the saturation point (in CA) at the lowest studied concentration (15 wt%).

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Plasticizers for rubbers and resins

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Film Coating Theory and Practice

Film Coating Theory and Practice

Recent Attempts in the Design of Efficient PVC Plasticizers with Reduced Migration

Thermal Properties of Plasticized Cellulose Acetate and Its β-Relaxation Phenomenon

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