Plasticizers derived from cardanol: synthesis and plasticization properties for polyvinyl chloride(PVC)

Chen, Jie; Liu, Zengshe; Nie, Xiaoan; Zhou, Yonghong; Jiang, Jianchun; Murray, Rex E.

doi:10.1007/s10965-018-1524-4

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In comparison with the tan δ curve of pure PVC, the maximum was at much higher temperatures than in the case of the blends, approximately 97.4 °C. These results are in accordance with literature results on pure PVC and on other plasticized systems incorporating DEHF or other 2,5-FDCA-based esters [18,19], DEHT [13,44], and binary mixtures of DEHT with other plasticizers [32,45]. Importantly, the appearance of a single T g on the tan δ traces of plasticized PVC films, and shifted to lower values, reaching a difference of ca.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…PVC-DEHT film (PVC1) had the lowest weight loss values in distilled water, followed very closely by all the other plasticized systems studied: PVC2 < PVC5 < PVC3 < PVC4. In general, all weight losses observed for PVC-DEHF/DEHT and PCV-DEHT samples were of the same magnitude as the previously published results, or even lower [11,12,13,44,45]. For example, migration tests in distilled water conducted in the same conditions as those carried out in the present study reported a weight loss of around 0.22% to PVC/DEHP, and of ca.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…For example, migration tests in distilled water conducted in the same conditions as those carried out in the present study reported a weight loss of around 0.22% to PVC/DEHP, and of ca. 0.20% to a PVC/cardanol-based plasticizer blend [44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Replacing Di(2-ethylhexyl) Terephthalate by Di(2-ethylhexyl) 2,5-Furandicarboxylate for PVC Plasticization: Synthesis, Materials Preparation and Characterization

et al. 2019

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The worldwide regulatory demand for the elimination of non-phthalate compounds for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plasticization has intensified the search for alternatives. Concomitantly, sustainability concerns have highlighted sugar-based 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid as one key renewable-chemical for the development of several products, namely di(2-ethylhexyl) 2,5-furandicarboxylate (DEHF) plasticizer. This study addresses the use of DEHF under a realistic scenario of the co-existence of both DEHF and entirely fossil-based plasticizers. More precisely, original PVC blends using mixtures of non-toxic DEHF and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate ester (DEHT) were designed. The detailed structural, thermal, and mechanical characterization of these materials showed that they all have a set of interesting properties that are compatible with those of commercial DEHT, namely a low glass transition (19.2–23.8 °C) and enhanced elongation at break (up to 330%). Importantly, migration tests under different daily situations, such as for example exudation from food/beverages packages and medical blood bags, reveal very low weight loss percentages. For example, in both distilled water and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, weight loss does not exceed ca. 0.3% and 0.2%, respectively. Viability tests show, for the first time, that up to 500 μM of DEHF, a promising cytotoxic profile is observed, as well as for DEHT. Overall, this study demonstrates that the combination of DEHF and DEHT plasticizers result in a noticeable plasticized PVC with an increased green content with promising cytotoxic results.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Replacing Di(2-ethylhexyl) Terephthalate by Di(2-ethylhexyl) 2,5-Furandicarboxylate for PVC Plasticization: Synthesis, Materials Preparation and Characterization

et al. 2019

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“… 26 − 31 The use of cardanol as the primary or secondary plasticizer can enhance the flexibility and thermal stability and decrease the volatility of PVC materials. 32 − 35 It has also been suggested that some renewable plasticizers have good leaching resistance, plasticization efficiency, and excellent thermal stability. 36 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Modified Cardanol as Secondary Plasticizer on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Soft Polyvinyl Chloride

Ali

Ahmed

et al. 2020

ACS Omega

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This study represents the first attempt to prepare a novel cardanol-based plasticizer. Modified cardanol (MC, i.e., phosphorylated cardanol) containing nitrogen and phosphoric acid groups was synthesized and then incorporated into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the secondary plasticizer for partial substitution of dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The molecular structure of MC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 31 P NMR spectroscopy. The thermal degradation behavior, mechanical performance, and compatibility of MC were also investigated. The substitution of DOP with MC enables PVC blends to have higher thermal stability, tensile strength, and leaching resistance. The tensile strength is increased from 17.7 MPa for DOP/PVC blend (MC-0) to 25.7 MPa for MC/PVC blend (MC-4), and the elongation at break is increased from 256 to 432%, respectively. The microstructure of the tensile fractured surface was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the addition of MC allows PVC blends to have well-balanced properties of flexibility and strength and excellent migration resistance.

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“…Thus, phthalates are gradually banned from being used in medical devices, food packaging, children's toys, and other fields in many countries. [9][10][11][12] As a result, it is necessary to find some sustainable and efficient plasticizers to replace traditional plasticizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient plasticizer based on waste cooking oil: Structure and application

Liu

Shen

Wai

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Recently, phthalates have been continuously banned in numerous fields by many countries. Therefore, the development of sustainable and efficient plasticizers has become particularly urgent. The waste cooking oil was used as the main raw materials in this study to synthesize an efficient plasticizer (acetylated-fatty acid methyl ester-trimellitic acid ester, AC-FAME-TAE). The structure of AC-FAME-TAE was characterized by FT-IR and 1 H NMR. The performance of the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plasticized by AC-FAME-TAE was tested and compared with those of the PVC plasticized with di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP) and EFAME (epoxy fatty acid methyl ester), respectively. DSC results indicated that AC-FAME-TAE had excellent plasticizing efficiency for PVC. The mechanical properties of PVC plasticized by AC-FAME-TAE were as comparable as PVC plasticized by DOP from the results of tensile test. In addition, the PVC plasticized by AC-FAME-TAE had excellent thermal stability and solvent resistance by the results of leaching test and TGA.

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Plasticizers derived from cardanol: synthesis and plasticization properties for polyvinyl chloride(PVC)

Cited by 32 publications

References 43 publications

Replacing Di(2-ethylhexyl) Terephthalate by Di(2-ethylhexyl) 2,5-Furandicarboxylate for PVC Plasticization: Synthesis, Materials Preparation and Characterization

Replacing Di(2-ethylhexyl) Terephthalate by Di(2-ethylhexyl) 2,5-Furandicarboxylate for PVC Plasticization: Synthesis, Materials Preparation and Characterization

Effect of Modified Cardanol as Secondary Plasticizer on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Soft Polyvinyl Chloride

An efficient plasticizer based on waste cooking oil: Structure and application

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